Skip to main content
. 2019 Nov 8;11:305. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00305

Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies.

References Country Study design % of male No. of pts. No. of dementia Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria AF diagnosis Dementia diagnosis Follow-up period (years, months) Outcome measure
Tilvis et al. (2004) Finland Cohort 26.39 629 629 Random sample of pts born in 1904,1909, and 1914 No specified H&P, medical record MMSE and CDR 5 HR = 2.88
(1.26–6.06)
Elias et al. (2006) USA Cohort 100 1,011 952 Male offspring of the Framingham heart study Pts with dementia, prior stroke, females, decline examination ECG, ECG-H, H&P Neuropsychological tests approved by a panel of neurologists and neuropsychiatrists 30 HR = 4.01
(1.84–8.74)
Forti et al. (2006) Italy Cohort 37 431 36 Pts > 60 yrs. seeking medical advice for cognitive complaints Pts with psychiatric disorder, Parkinson disease, epilepsy substance abuse H&P MMSE and neuropsychological tests 4 HR = 1.10
(0.40–3.03)
Rastas et al. (2007) Finland Cohort 20.43 1,106 339 Pts ≥ 85 y between 1991 and 1999 Pts who died before examination ECG, ECG-H, medical records DSM-III, MMSE 3.5 HR = 0.86
(0.50–1.47)
Marengoni et al. (2011) Sweden Cohort NR 685 170 Pts > 75 years Pts with dementia, prior stroke H&P, medical records, ICD codes DSM-III Revised 6 HR = 0.9
(0.50–1.70)
Peters et al. (2009) UK RCT 34.59 3,336 263 Pts > 80 yrs. with hypertension Pts with dementia Not specified DSM-IV 1.8 HR = 1.03
(0.62–1.72)
Bunch et al. (2010) USA Cohort 60.1 37,025 1,535 Pts included in the Intermountain Healthcare System database Pts with dementia ICD codes ICD codes 5 HR = 1.36
(1.13–1.63)
Dublin et al. (2011) USA Cohort 40 3045 572 Pts ≥ 65 yrs. Pts with dementia, prior stroke ICD codes DSM-IV 6.8 HR = 1.38
(1.10–1.73)
Marzona et al. (2012) Italy RCT 70.3 31,506 890 Pts ≥ 55 yrs., history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes with end-organ damage Pts with heart failure, substantial valvular disease, or uncontrolled hypertension ECG, medical records MMSE 4.7 HR = 1.30
(1.14–1.49)
Rusanen et al. (2014) Finland Cohort 37.6 1,510 127 Pts of the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) study, Pts aged 65 to 79 yrs Not properly examined, not properly followed-up ICD codes, MRI/CT ICD codes, DSM-IV, MMSE 7.8 HR = 2.61
(1.05–6.47)
Liao et al. (2015) Taiwan Cohort 55.9 665,330 56,901 AF with age ≥ 20 years and no history of dementia for at least 1 year preceding study enrollment Not specified ICD codes ICD codes 15 HR = 1.42
(1.39–1.44)
de Bruijn et al. (2015) Netherlands Cohort 40.6 6,194 994 Pts with proper identification of AF, proper follow-up Not properly screened for dementia, had previously dementia, lack of follow-up, missing data on AF EEG and MEANS MMSE, GMSS, and DSM-III revised 20 HR = 1.33
(0.99–1.78)
Marzona et al. (2016) Italy Cohort 47.48 1,627,631 134,837 ≥65 yrs. pts with AF Pts admitted to hospital for AF in the previous two years (2000–2001). Patients with incident dementia in the 2 years before entering the study ICD codes ICD codes 10 HR = 1.17
(1.12–1.23)
Singh-Manoux et al. (2017) UK Cohort 84.3 10,308 912 Pts with proper identification of AF and dementia, follow-up examination approximately every 5 years No specified ICD code and ECG ICD code 26.6 HR = 1.87
(1.37–2.55)
Ding et al. (2018) Sweden Cohort 37.1 2,685 399 Pts aged >60 yrs. Dementia at baseline and refused follow-up ICD code MMSE and DSM-III revised, NINDS-AIREN, NINCDS-ADRDA 9 HR = 1.88
(1.09–3.23)
Chen et al. (2018) USA Cohort 44 22,924 1,157 Pts aged >45 yrs., proper cognitive data Dementia at baseline and refused follow-up EEG and ICD code DWRT, DSST, WFT, ARIC-NCS, MMSE, ICD code 20 HR = 1.23
(1.04–1.45)

MEANS, Modular ECG Analysis System; ECG, Electrocardiography; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; GMSS, Geriatric Mental State Schedule; DSM-III, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Third Edition Revised); ICD, International Classification of Diseases; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; NINDS-AIREN, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Association International pour la Recherch'e et l'Enseignement en Neurosciences; NINCDS-ADRDA, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association; DWRT, the Delayed Word Recall Test; DSST, the Digit Symbol Substitution Test; WFT, the Word Fluency Test; NR, Not reported; RCT, Randomized controlled trials; H&P, History and physical examination.