. 2019 May 11;16(4):439–453. doi: 10.1007/s10433-019-00516-y

Table 1.

Variable descriptions and descriptive statistics by last labour market status

	Item^c	Coding algorithm	M (SD)
Resource variables^a
Available income (logaritmized)	What is the total net monthly income of your household? By that, I mean the sum total of all wages/salaries, income from self-employment, and retirement benefits after deduction of all tax and social security contributions. Please include income from public aid, income from rentals and leases, interest, child benefits and other sources of income	Net household income weighted by 1 for the first adult in a household, 0.5 for each further adult, and 0.3 of each person below age 14; controlled for inflation (reference year: 2010)	7.43 (0.46)	7.21 (0.48)	7.35 (0.48)
Physical health	We would now like to talk about your state of health: Which of the following illnesses and health problems do you have […]?^d	Total self-reported chronic conditions (max. 11); reverse coded	8.84 (1.63)	8.72 (1.70)	8.80 (1.65)
Leisure activities	If you think back over the past 12 months: How often on an average do you engage in the following activities? Please tell me how often you do each activity on this list^e	Total leisure activities conducted at least monthly (max. 13)	5.68 (2.08)	5.47 (2.01)	5.61 (2.10)
Family network size	We now want to look at people who are important to you and who you maintain regular contact with. These can include co-workers, neighbours, friends, acquaintances, relatives, and members of your household. Which people are important to you? If there are several, please just name the eight most important. What is your relationship to < display person name >? Please give me the relevant code number from this Person Card	Number of family members in network (e.g. parents, (grand-) children, siblings) (max. 8)	3.32 (2.41)	3.60 (2.54)	3.42 (2.47)
Non-family network size	Number of non-relatives in network (e.g. friends, colleagues, neighbours)	1.45 (1.73)	1.24 (1.62)	1.38 (1.69)
Social support	(1) When you have important personal decisions to make, do you have anyone you can ask for advice? → If yes: And how often in the past 12 months have you asked someone for advice in making an important decision (2) Do you have someone you can turn to when you need comfort or cheering up, for example, when you are feeling sad? → If yes: And how often in the past 12 months did someone comfort you or cheer you up? (3) And what about the other way around: has someone who does not live in your household helped you in the past 12 months with housework such as cleaning, small repair jobs, or shopping? (4) Have you, in the past 12 months, been given money, major gift items, or financial support?	Item (1) and (2): Potential support is yes and frequency more than “never” → yes in domain Total social support (sum score; max. 4)	1.72 (0.94)	1.77 (0.98)	1.74 (0.95)
Sociodemographic and other control variables^b
Period		Retirement between: 1996 and 2002 = − 1.07; 2002 and 2008 = − 0.73; 2008 and 2014 = 0.93	0.02 (0.88)	− 0.34 (0.92)	0.00 (0.90)
Region		West = − 0.37; East = 0.63	− 0.02 (0.47)	0.04 (0.49)	0.00 (0.48)
Gender		Male = − 0.48; Female = 0.52	− 0.04 (0.50)	0.07 (0.50)	0.00 (0.50)
Education		Lower/middle (ISCED 0 to 4) = − 0.41; Higher (ISCED 5 and 6) = 0.59	0.05 (0.50)	− 0.09 (0.47)	0.00 (0.49)
Age at retirement		Year of retirement minus year of birth; grand mean = 62.52	0.14 (1.85)	− 0.27 (2.12)	0.00 (1.96)
Time since retirement		Year of follow-up observation minus year of retirement; grand mean = 2.83	− 0.30 (1.66)	0.56 (1.80)	− 0.00 (1.75)

Item^c

Coding algorithm

M (SD)

Work (n = 384)

Other (n = 202)

Total (N = 586)

Resource variables^a

Available income (logaritmized)

What is the total net monthly income of your household? By that, I mean the sum total of all wages/salaries, income from self-employment, and retirement benefits after deduction of all tax and social security contributions. Please include income from public aid, income from rentals and leases, interest, child benefits and other sources of income

Net household income weighted by 1 for the first adult in a household, 0.5 for each further adult, and 0.3 of each person below age 14; controlled for inflation (reference year: 2010)

7.43

(0.46)

7.21

(0.48)

7.35

(0.48)

Physical health

We would now like to talk about your state of health: Which of the following illnesses and health problems do you have […]?^d

Total self-reported chronic conditions (max. 11); reverse coded

8.84

(1.63)

8.72

(1.70)

8.80

(1.65)

Leisure activities

If you think back over the past 12 months: How often on an average do you engage in the following activities? Please tell me how often you do each activity on this list^e

Total leisure activities conducted at least monthly (max. 13)

5.68

(2.08)

5.47

(2.01)

5.61

(2.10)

Family network size

We now want to look at people who are important to you and who you maintain regular contact with. These can include co-workers, neighbours, friends, acquaintances, relatives, and members of your household. Which people are important to you? If there are several, please just name the eight most important. What is your relationship to < display person name >? Please give me the relevant code number from this Person Card

Number of family members in network (e.g. parents, (grand-) children, siblings) (max. 8)

3.32

(2.41)

3.60

(2.54)

3.42

(2.47)

Non-family network size

Number of non-relatives in network (e.g. friends, colleagues, neighbours)

1.45

(1.73)

1.24

(1.62)

1.38

(1.69)

Social support

(1) When you have important personal decisions to make, do you have anyone you can ask for advice? → If yes: And how often in the past 12 months have you asked someone for advice in making an important decision

(2) Do you have someone you can turn to when you need comfort or cheering up, for example, when you are feeling sad? → If yes: And how often in the past 12 months did someone comfort you or cheer you up?

(3) And what about the other way around: has someone who does not live in your household helped you in the past 12 months with housework such as cleaning, small repair jobs, or shopping?

(4) Have you, in the past 12 months, been given money, major gift items, or financial support?

Item (1) and (2): Potential support is yes and frequency more than “never” → yes in domain

Total social support (sum score; max. 4)

1.72

(0.94)

1.77

(0.98)

1.74

(0.95)

Sociodemographic and other control variables^b

Period

Retirement between:

1996 and 2002 = − 1.07;

2002 and 2008 = − 0.73;

2008 and 2014 = 0.93

0.02

(0.88)

− 0.34

(0.92)

0.00

(0.90)

Region

West = − 0.37;

East = 0.63

− 0.02

(0.47)

0.04

(0.49)

0.00

(0.48)

Gender

Male = − 0.48;

Female = 0.52

− 0.04

(0.50)

0.07

(0.50)

0.00

(0.50)

Education

Lower/middle (ISCED 0 to 4) = − 0.41;

Higher (ISCED 5 and 6) = 0.59

0.05

(0.50)

− 0.09

(0.47)

0.00

(0.49)

Age at retirement

Year of retirement minus year of birth; grand mean = 62.52

0.14

(1.85)

− 0.27

(2.12)

0.00

(1.96)

Time since retirement

Year of follow-up observation minus year of retirement; grand mean = 2.83

− 0.30

(1.66)

0.56

(1.80)

− 0.00

(1.75)

^aAll resource variables were z-standardized with mean (t0) = 0 and standard deviation (t0) = 1. We took the first observation for calibration purposes. Accordingly, the results can be interpreted as increases or decreases relative to the pre-retirement level of the relevant variable

^bAll sociodemographic and other control variables were centred at their grand means. Accordingly, model intercepts can be interpreted as the population mean

^cEnglish translation of the original German items provided by the DEAS project

^dList of chronic conditions: back or joint diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the eye, circulatory problems, diseases of the ear, respiratory diseases, diabetes, bladder trouble, gastrointestinal diseases, liver or kidney diseases, cancer

^eList of leisure activities: going for walks, gardening, meeting friends and acquaintances, crossword puzzling or quizzes, arts and crafts or similar, playing sports, playing board games, computer, visiting cultural events, visiting sporting events, artistic activities, visiting classes/lectures, participating at political meetings