Table 1.

T cell adhesion molecules in T1D

Receptor	Ligands	Ligand expression in islets		Role in T1D
		Animal models	Human
L‐selectin	MAdCAM1	Low–high 41, 44	Low–high 42, 43	NOD mice lacking L‐selectin progress to T1D 41 L‐selectin high T cells in the islets of NOD mice have regulatory function 44 T1D patients have decreased levels of L‐selectin on memory T cells and increased serum levels of cleaved sL‐selectin 42, 43
	GlyCAM
	PNAd
PSGL‐1	Selectins	High 45	?	Blockade of PSGL‐1 leads to reduced T1D in NOD mice through increased T cell apoptosis 45
LFA‐1	ICAM‐1	Mid 14, 48, 50, 108	+ 42, 46, 100	LFA‐1 deficiency or blockade inhibits T1D progression in NOD mice 47, 48, 49 ICAM‐1 deficiency prevents T1D in NOD mice, and antibody blockade reduces progression of T1D 14, 49, 50
VLA‐4	VCAM‐1	High 14, 48	+ 42, 100	Early blockade of α4 integrins and VCAM1 reduced T1D progression in NOD mice 48
LPAM‐1	MAdCAM‐1	High 39, 51, 52	+ 42, 100	Blockade of MAdCAM prior to islet infiltration reduced T1D progression, but had no effect once islet infiltration was established in NOD mice 51, 52

T1D = type 1 diabetes; MAdCAM‐1 = mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1; GlyCAM = glycosylation‐dependent cell adhesion molecule‐1; PNAd = peripheral node addressin; PSGL‐1 = P‐selectin glycoprotein ligand 1; LFA‐1 = lymphocyte function‐associated antigen 1; VLA‐4 = very late antigen 4; LPAM‐1 = integrin alpha 4 beta 7; NOD = non‐obese diabetic.