Table 1.
Patient demographic and clinical characteristics
| TRS (n = 408) |
Non-TRS (n = 204) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 39.3 (11.3) | 36.0 (11.8) | 0.001 |
| Distribution, % (n) | |||
| < 18 | 0.0 (0) | 0.5 (1) | 0.16 |
| 18–24 | 6.4 (26) | 15.2 (31) | < 0.001 |
| 25–34 | 32.6 (133) | 37.7 (77) | 0.21 |
| 35–44 | 25.2 (103) | 25.0 (51) | 0.95 |
| 45–54 | 22.8 (93) | 10.3 (21) | < 0.001 |
| 55–64 | 12.0 (49) | 10.3 (21) | 0.53 |
| ≥ 65 | 1.0 (4) | 1.0 (2) | 0.50 |
| Male, % (n) | 73.0 (298) | 64.7 (132) | 0.034 |
| Occupational status, % (n) | |||
| Unemployed | 74.5 (304) | 45.1 (92) | < 0.001 |
| Employed part-time | 8.8 (36) | 23.5 (48) | < 0.001 |
| Employed full-time | 5.4 (22) | 11.8 (24) | 0.005 |
| In education/studying | 4.9 (20) | 9.8 (20) | 0.021 |
| Volunteering | 4.4 (18) | 7.8 (16) | 0.081 |
| Unknown | 2.0 (8) | 2.0 (4) | 0.50 |
| Marital status, % (n) | |||
| Single | 71.8 (293) | 68.1 (139) | 0.35 |
| Divorced | 13.5 (55) | 12.3 (25) | 0.67 |
| Married/long-term relationship | 10.0 (41) | 15.2 (31) | 0.063 |
| Widowed | 1.2 (5) | 1.5 (3) | 0.80 |
| Unknown | 3.4 (14) | 2.9 (6) | 0.75 |
| Living arrangements, % (n) | |||
| With a partner/family | 40.9 (167) | 53.4 (109) | 0.004 |
| In a sheltered home | 29.4 (120) | 10.8 (22) | < 0.001 |
| Alone | 20.1 (82) | 26.0 (53) | 0.099 |
| With friends | 5.4 (22) | 5.9 (12) | 0.80 |
| No fixed address | 2.9 (12) | 1.5 (3) | 0.27 |
| Unknown | 1.2 (5) | 2.5 (5) | 0.26 |
| Age at symptom onset (years), mean (SD) | 22.4 (6.0) | 22.8 (5.9) | 0.49 |
| Age at diagnosis (years), mean (SD) | 24.1 (5.8) | 24.7 (6.5) | 0.31 |
| Time between symptom onset and diagnosis (years), mean (SD) | 1.8 (2.3) | 1.8 (3.0) | 0.76 |
| Hospitalization status, % (n) | |||
| At least twice (but not currently) | 72.5 (296) | 39.7 (81) | < 0.001 |
| Once only (but not currently) | 13.2 (54) | 31.4 (64) | < 0.001 |
| Currently hospitalized (also in past) | 6.4 (26) | 2.5 (5) | 0.038 |
| Currently hospitalized (first time) | 1.2 (5) | 0.5 (1) | 0.39 |
| Never | 4.9 (20) | 23.5 (48) | < 0.001 |
| Unknown | 1.7 (7) | 2.5 (5) | 0.54 |
| Number of hospitalizations (for patients with > 1 hospitalization), mean (SD) | (n = 322) | (n = 86) | |
| 7.2 (7.0) | 5.7 (4.2) | 0.090 | |
| Number of suicide attempts, mean (SD) | 0.9 (1.5) | 0.5 (1.3) | 0.004 |
| Distribution, % (n) | |||
| 0 | 50.0 (204) | 69.1 (141) | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 15.4 (63) | 9.3 (19) | 0.036 |
| 2 | 14.0 (57) | 3.4 (7) | < 0.001 |
| 3 or more | 8.1 (33) | 6.4 (13) | – |
| Unknown | 12.5 (51) | 11.8 (24) | 0.79 |
SD standard deviation; TRS treatment-resistant schizophrenia
p-values in bold are < 0.05