Table 1.
Study design, interventions, and outcome of clinical trials
| Author | Study design | Total patient; age | Patient info | Fluorosis index | Intervention | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loguercio 2007[28] | Randomized Controlled Trial | 36; 10-12 years | Moderate-Good Oral hygiene | DFI; questionable, very mild, mild | Group 1: enamel microabrasion PREMA | Esthetic improvement in VAS |
| Group 2: enamel microabrasionOpalustre | Participant satisfaction Tooth surface | |||||
| Bharath 2014[33] | Randomized Controlled Trial | 30; 9-14 years | Objectionable esthetics | DFI; mild. moderate | Group 1: McInnes bleaching (36% HCl, 30% H2O2, Diethyl ether) | Esthetic improvement in VAS |
| Group 2: enamel microabrasion (18% HCl, pumice powder) | Tooth sensitivity | |||||
| Castro 2014[25] | Randomized Controlled Trial | 70; 15-39 years | Good oral hygiene, vital anterior teeth without loss or fracture, previously no orthodontic treatment. | TFI; mild, moderate | Group 1: enamel microabrasion (37% phosphoric acid, pumice) Group 2: enamel microabrasion (37% phosphoric acid, pumice), at-home bleaching (10% carbamide peroxide) | Reduction in opacity Esthetic improvement in VAS Participant satisfaction in VAS Tooth sensitivity/gingival irritation in VAS |
| Gugnani 2017[27] | Randomized Controlled Trial | 80; 6-12 years old | School children, no history of allergy to dental materials, systemic or local conditions and treatment of dental fluorosis. | TFI; mild, moderate | Group 1: in-office bleaching (35% H2O2 | Esthetic changes in VAS |
| Group 2: resin infiltration (15% HClgel, ethanol drying agent, resin infiltration) | Improvement in opacity or stain in VAS | |||||
| Group 3: resin infiltration with double application of infiltrant | ||||||
| Group 4: in-office bleaching (35% H2O2) resin infiltration | ||||||
| SôniaSaeger 2018[26] | Randomized Controlled Trial | 70; 15-39 years | Good oral hygiene, vital anterior teeth without loss or fracture, previously no orthodontic treatment, non-pregnant | TFI; mild, moderate | Group 1: enamel microabrasion (37% phosphoric acid), fine-grained pumice Group 2: microabrasion and at-home tooth bleaching (10% carbamide peroxide) | Reduction in stained area Tooth sensitivity/gingival irritation in OIDP Esthetic improvement in OIDP |