. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Nov 15.

Published in final edited form as: Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2016;35:e16–e20. doi: 10.1200/EDBK_158977

TABLE 2.

Summary of Study Data on Nephrectomy and Systemic Therapy

First Author, Reference	Type of Study	No. of Patients	Results
Flanigan and Yonover²	Phase III	241	Median OS: CN + IFN: 11.1 months; IFN: 8.1 months; PFS 0; p = .05; Median OS: CN + IFN: 17.4 months; IFN: 11.7 months; PFS 1; p = .08; Median OS: CN + IFN: 6.9 months; IFN: 4.8 months
Mickisch et al³	Phase III	84	Median OS: CN + IFN: 17 months; IFN: 7 months (HR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31–0.94)
Flanigan et al⁴	Meta-analysis	331	Median OS: CN + IFN: 13.6 months; IFN: 7.8 months (HR 0.69; p = .002)
Pantuck et al⁵	Retrospective	89	CN + IL-2: median OS, 16.7 months; 5-year OS, 19.6%
Choueiri et al¹⁷	Retrospective targeted-therapy era	314 (CN: 201; no CN: 113)	Median OS: 19.8 months (CN) vs. 9.4 months (no CN); HR 0.44; p < .01; multivariate analysis: no benefit; p = .08; poor risk: no benefit; p = .06
Heng et al¹⁸	Retrospective targeted-therapy era	1,658 (CN: 982; no CN: 676)	Median OS: 20.6 months (CN) vs. 9.5 months (no CN); p < .0001

Abbreviation: CN, cytoreductive nephrectomy; OS, overall survival; IFN, interferon; PFS, progression-free survival; N/A, not applicable.