Table 2.

Key implications of expanded hybrid typology.

We propose an expansion of the Curran et al. (1) typology of hybrid studies for implementation research, alongside a revised nomenclature. Our expanded typology recognizes context as an independent variable warranting careful study alongside intervention and implementation strategy. Investigators should consider intentionally varying context in order to identify and explain the contextual moderators and mediators of intervention and implementation strategy effectiveness. These will help optimize the delivery of interventions and implementation strategies across diverse settings. Investigators should consider rigorous quasi-experimental study designs alongside traditional experimental designs to assess the complex and time-varying effects of context.