Table 1.

Insonation is applicable to most medical specialties.

Specialty	Point of Care Insonation
Anesthesia	Guidance for vascular access, regional anesthesia, intraoperative monitoring of fluid status and cardiac function
Cardiology	Echocardiography, intracardiac assessment
Critical care medicine	Procedural guidance, pulmonary assessment, focused echocardiography, hypotension evaluation
Dermatology	Assessment of skin lesions and tumors
Emergency medicine	Trauma assessment, hypotension evaluation, evaluation of ectopic pregnancy, procedural guidance
Endocrinology and endocrine surgery	Assessment of thyroid and parathyroid, procedural guidance
General surgery	Ultrasonography of the breast, procedural guidance, intraoperative assessment
Gynecology	Assessment of cervix, uterus, and adnexa; procedural guidance
Neonatology	Cranial and pulmonary assessments
Nephrology	Vascular access for dialysis
Neurology	Transcranial Doppler, peripheral-nerve evaluation
Obstetrics and maternal–fetal medicine	Assessment of pregnancy, detection of fetal abnormalities, procedural guidance
Ophthalmology	Corneal and retinal assessment
Orthopedic surgery	Musculoskeletal applications
Otolaryngology	Assessment of thyroid, parathyroid, and neck masses; procedural guidance
Pathology	Guidance for fine needle aspiration, biopsy
Pediatrics	Assessment of bladder, procedural guidance
Physical and rehabilitation medicine	Musculoskeletal diagnostic applications, procedure guidance
Pulmonary medicine	Transthoracic pulmonary assessment, endobronchial assessment, procedural guidance
Radiology and interventional radiology	Ultrasonography taken to the patient with interpretation at the bedside, procedural guidance

Adapted from Moore, NEJM 2011.