TABLE 2.
Ingredients in products from NHANES DS files with DSID-predicted overages 10–20% above the labeled amount1
| 2003–2004 | 2005–2006 | 2007–2008 | 2009–2010 | 2011–2012 | 2013–2014 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ingredients, NHANES cycles | n/Total n, % | w/W, % | n/Total n, % | w/W, % | n/Total n, % | w/W, % | n/Total n, % | w/W, % | n/Total n, % | w/W, % | n/Total n, % | w/W, % |
| Adult MVM-1 | ||||||||||||
| Calcium | 203/311, 65.3 | 78.5 | 201/340, 59.1 | 74.6 | 229/347, 66 | 76.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Folic acid | 456/456, 100 | 100 | 492/492, 100 | 100 | 497/497, 100 | 100 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Riboflavin | 477/477, 100 | 100 | 518/518, 100 | 100 | 509/509, 100 | 100 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Adult MVM-2 | ||||||||||||
| Chromium | — | — | — | — | — | — | 70/324, 21.6 | 9.43 | 51/311, 16.4 | 5.8 | 67/369, 16.5 | 6.79 |
| Copper | — | — | — | — | — | — | 118/330, 35.8 | 57.5 | 137/316, 43.3 | 53.7 | 147/354, 41.5 | 50.5 |
| Manganese | — | — | — | — | — | — | 41/328, 12.5 | 5.9 | 34/314, 10.8 | 3.96 | 43/376, 11.4 | 4.46 |
| Phosphorus | — | — | — | — | — | — | 71/132, 53.8 | 67.6 | 96/128, 75 | 83.8 | 125/161, 77.6 | 83.5 |
| Riboflavin | — | — | — | — | — | — | 343/455, 75.4 | 86.9 | 342/464, 73.7 | 84 | 362/504, 71.8 | 79.2 |
| Selenium | — | — | — | — | — | — | 69/324, 21.3 | 12.2 | 79/306, 25.8 | 17.5 | 103/353, 29.2 | 24.3 |
| Vitamin A | — | — | — | — | — | — | 116/400, 29 | 12.8 | 102/405, 25.2 | 11.7 | 118/461, 25.6 | 13.4 |
| Children's (>4 y old) MVMs | ||||||||||||
| Calcium | — | — | 47/65, 72.3 | 83.8 | 29/46, 63 | 91 | 22/35, 62.9 | 91.5 | — | — | — | — |
| Folic acid | — | — | 111/111, 100 | 100 | 90/90, 100 | 100 | 96/96, 100 | 100 | — | — | — | — |
| Iron | — | — | 9/71, 12.7 | 3.5 | 6/51, 11.8 | 3.22 | 13/38, 34.2 | 9.78 | — | — | — | — |
| Phosphorus | — | — | 14/43, 32.6 | 23.4 | 11/30, 36.7 | 20.4 | 3/17, 17.6 | 18.3 | — | — | — | — |
| Vitamin A | — | — | 80/140, 57.1 | 73.4 | 65/114, 57 | 66.3 | 54/114, 48.2 | 53.8 | — | — | — | — |
| Vitamin B-12 | — | — | 110/110, 100 | 100 | 90/90, 100 | 100 | 99/99, 100 | 100 | — | — | — | — |
| Vitamin B-6 | — | — | 65/116, 56 | 47.5 | 55/92, 59.8 | 53.1 | 65/96, 67.7 | 52 | — | — | — | — |
| Vitamin E | — | — | 50/115, 43.5 | 49.1 | 35/90, 38.8 | 46.8 | 25/96, 26.0 | 36.3 | — | — | — | — |
| Zinc | — | — | 24/75, 32 | 35.5 | 29/65, 44.6 | 48 | 49/75, 65.3 | 59.9 | — | — | — | — |
| Nonprescription prenatal MVMs | ||||||||||||
| Calcium | — | — | — | — | 19/20, 95 | 95.7 | 23/25, 92 | 97.3 | 22/24, 91.7 | 96.9 | — | — |
| Chromium | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1/6, 16.7 | 14.8 | — | — |
| Selenium | — | — | — | — | 2/2, 100 | 100 | 3/3, 100 | 100 | 5/5, 100 | 100 | — | — |
| Vitamin D | — | — | — | — | 21/21, 100 | 100 | 25/25, 100 | 100 | 27/27, 100 | 100 | — | — |
1Ingredients with overages of 0–10% are not included in Tables 1–3. The list of ingredients statistically evaluated by regression varied by product category (7). “n/Total n” indicates the number of products predicted to have ingredients amounts 10–20% above label value divided by the total number of the products in the DS category for each NHANES cycle (within the DSID regression ranges); “w/ W” indicates n/total n converted to weighted frequency with NHANES weights: the market share of products predicted to have ingredient levels 10–20% of label divided by the total market share of products in the DS category containing each ingredient per NHANES cycle (within the DSID regression ranges). DS, dietary supplement; DSID, Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database; MVM, multivitamin-mineral; MVM-1, first MVM study; MVM-2, second MVM study.