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. 2019 Nov 8;9:1223. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01223

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Copyright © 2019 Tobin, Jordan, Kapoor, Spongberg, Davis, Vorwald, Couts, Gao, Smith, Borgers, Robinson, Amato, Gonzalez, Lewis, Robinson, Borges and McCarter.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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MDSCs correlate with survival and are increased in the circulation of patients with high levels of IL-8. (A) Representative flow cytometric analysis of MDSCs in the peripheral blood of stage IV melanoma patients. Correlation of MO-MDSCs with circulating concentrations of IL-6 (B) or IL-8 (C). (D) The frequency of total and CD14(+) MDSCs was compared in patients with high or low levels of IL-8 and compared using a Pearson correlation test. The overall survival of patients with high or low levels of (E) total, (F) MO-, or (G) PMN-MDSCs was compared using a log-rank test. The cell surface expression of CXCR1 (H) and CXCR2 (I) was compared between PMN- and MO-MDSCs. (J) The relative chemotactic index of MDSCs toward IL-8 was assessed using a transwell chemotaxis assay, *p < 0.05.