TABLE 5.
Distribution of Pathogens Associated With Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) Frequently Reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), by Type of Surgery, 2011–2014
| Pathogen | Total no. (%) of pathogens | No. (%) of pathogens, by type of surgery | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominala | Breastb | Cardiacc | Kidneyd | Necke | Neurologicalf | Ob/Gyng | Orthopedich | Prostatei | Transplantj | Vasculark | ||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 30,902 (20.7) | 6,922 (9.1) | 369 (39.0) | 3,430 (30.4) | 45 (15.8) | 36 (17.0) | 676 (31.2) | 3,670 (17.7) | 15,163 (44.2) | 18 (29.5) | 71 (8.7) | 502 (26.9) |
| Escherichia coli | 20,429 (13.7) | 14,955 (19.6) | 37 (3.9) | 647 (5.7) | 41 (14.4) | 12 (5.7) | 72 (3.3) | 2,787 (13.4) | 1,625 (4.7) | 7 (11.5) | 81 (9.9) | 165 (8.8) |
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci | 11,799 (7.9) | 3,273 (4.3) | 93 (9.8) | 1,641 (14.5) | 25 (8.8) | 23 (10.8) | 522 (24.1) | 1,520 (7.3) | 4,461 (13.0) | 4 (6.6) | 123 (15.1) | 114 (6.1) |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 11,156 (7.5) | 7,197 (9.4) | 40 (4.2) | 325 (2.9) | 25 (8.8) | 7 (3.3) | 40 (1.8) | 1,710 (8.3) | 1,620 (4.7) | 5 (8.2) | 52 (6.4) | 135 (7.2) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 8,458 (5.7) | 4,469 (5.9) | 103 (10.9) | 918 (8.1) | 20 (7.0) | 13 (6.1) | 90 (4.2) | 990 (4.8) | 1,672 (4.9) | 3 (4.9) | 44 (5.4) | 136 (7.3) |
| Klebsiella (pneumoniae/oxytoca) | 7,067 (4.7) | 4,318 (5.7) | 20 (2.1) | 650 (5.8) | 10 (3.5) | 12 (5.7) | 82 (3.8) | 856 (4.1) | 943 (2.7) | 4 (6.6) | 56 (6.9) | 116 (6.2) |
| Bacteroides spp. | 7,041 (4.7) | 5,690 (7.5) | 5 (0.5) | 40 (0.4) | 15 (5.3) | 1 (0.5) | 5 (0.2) | 1,108 (5.3) | 128 (0.4) | 5 (8.2) | 10 (1.2) | 34 (1.8) |
| Enterobacter spp. | 6,615 (4.4) | 3,475 (4.6) | 40 (4.2) | 650 (5.8) | 15 (5.3) | 13 (6.1) | 134 (6.2) | 741 (3.6) | 1,401 (4.1) | 1 (1.6) | 27 (3.3) | 118 (6.3) |
| Other Enterococcus spp. | 6,410 (4.3) | 4,692 (6.1) | 13 (1.4) | 160 (1.4) | 19 (6.7) | 2 (0.9) | 13 (0.6) | 806 (3.9) | 592 (1.7) | 3 (4.9) | 57 (7.0) | 53 (2.8) |
| Proteus spp. | 4,196 (2.8) | 1,473 (1.9) | 38 (4.0) | 516 (4.6) | 13 (4.6) | 1 (0.5) | 19 (0.9) | 919 (4.4) | 1,108 (3.2) | … | 2 (0.2) | 107 (5.7) |
| Enterococcus faecium | 4,140 (2.8) | 3,451 (4.5) | 2 (0.2) | 105 (0.9) | 5 (1.8) | 1 (0.5) | 10 (0.5) | 152 (0.7) | 271 (0.8) | 2 (3.3) | 118 (14.5) | 23 (1.2) |
| Candida albicans | 3,351 (2.2) | 2,736 (3.6) | 6 (0.6) | 160 (1.4) | 9 (3.2) | 11 (5.2) | 31 (1.4) | 215 (1.0) | 132 (0.4) | 2 (3.3) | 31 (3.8) | 18 (1.0) |
| Viridans streptococci | 2,639 (1.8) | 1,849 (2.4) | 8 (0.8) | 81 (0.7) | 6 (2.1) | 15 (7.1) | 24 (1.1) | 368 (1.8) | 254 (0.7) | … | 15 (1.8) | 19 (1.0) |
| Group B streptococci | 1,879 (1.3) | 291 (0.4) | 14 (1.5) | 80 (0.7) | … | 1 (0.5) | 5 (0.2) | 680 (3.3) | 765 (2.2) | … | 2 (0.2) | 41 (2.2) |
| Serratia spp. | 1,857 (1.2) | 333 (0.4) | 36 (3.8) | 579 (5.1) | 2 (0.7) | 4 (1.9) | 77 (3.6) | 235 (1.1) | 527 (1.5) | 1 (1.6) | 15 (1.8) | 48 (2.6) |
| Other pathogen | 21,070 (14.1) | 11,183 (14.7) | 122 (12.9) | 1,299 (11.5) | 35 (12.3) | 60 (28.3) | 368 (17.0) | 3,968 (19.1) | 3,679 (10.7) | 6 (9.8) | 111 (13.6) | 239 (12.8) |
| Total | 149,009 (100) | 76,307 (100) | 946 (100) | 11,281 (100) | 285 (100) | 212 (100) | 2,168 (100) | 20,725 (100) | 34,341 (100) | 61 (100) | 815 (100) | 1,868 (100) |
NOTE. Ob/Gyn, obstetrical and gynecological.
Appendectomy, bile duct, liver, or pancreatic surgery, gallbladder surgery, colon surgery, gastric surgery, herniorrhaphy, small bowel surgery, spleen surgery, abdominal surgery, and rectal surgery.
Breast surgery.
Cardiac surgery, coronary artery bypass graft with chest incision with or without donor incision, pacemaker surgery, and thoracic surgery.
Kidney surgery.
Neck surgery and thyroid and/or parathyroid surgery.
Craniotomy and ventricular shunt.
Cesarean delivery, abdominal hysterectomy, ovarian surgery, and vaginal hysterectomy.
Open reduction of fracture, hip prosthesis, knee prosthesis, limb amputation, spinal fusion, refusion of spine, and laminectomy.
Prostate surgery.
Heart transplant, kidney transplant, and liver transplant.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, shunt for dialysis, carotid endarterectomy, and peripheral vascular bypass surgery.