TABLE 8.
Percent of Pathogens Reported From Ventilator-Associated Pneumonias (VAPs) That Tested Resistant to Selected Antimicrobial Agents, by Period, 2011–2012
| Pathogen, antimicrobial | 2011a | 2012a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of isolates reported | % of isolates testedb | % Resistancec | No. of isolates reported | % of isolates testedb | % Resistancec | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 1,062 | 1,117 | ||||
| OX/METH/CEFOX | 96.5 | 46.1 | 96.5 | 42.4 | ||
| Enterococcus spp. | ||||||
| E. faecium | 13 | 10 | ||||
| VAN | 84.6 | … | 100.0 | … | ||
| E. faecalis | 14 | 18 | ||||
| VAN | 78.6 | … | 94.4 | … | ||
| Klebsiella (pneumoniae/oxytoca) | 424 | 474 | ||||
| ESC4 | 88.4 | 23.2 | 86.3 | 21.0 | ||
| Carbapenems | 75.9 | 11.5 | 75.1 | 10.1 | ||
| MDR1 | 93.6 | 15.9 | 93.9 | 12.8 | ||
| Escherichia coli | 219 | 257 | ||||
| ESC4 | 88.1 | 15.0 | 81.7 | 16.7 | ||
| FQ3 | 96.3 | 38.9 | 93.4 | 30.8 | ||
| Carbapenems | 79.5 | 1.1 | 69.3 | 2.2 | ||
| MDR1 | 94.5 | 7.7 | 92.6 | 9.7 | ||
| Enterobacter spp. | 338 | 389 | ||||
| ESC4 | 95.6 | 30.0 | 93.6 | 26.9 | ||
| Carbapenems | 76.6 | 1.9 | 72.2 | 3.2 | ||
| MDR1 | 95.6 | 5.3 | 96.1 | 2.9 | ||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 702 | 747 | ||||
| AMINOS | 94.7 | 23.3 | 96.9 | 18.2 | ||
| ESC2 | 96.6 | 29.4 | 94.8 | 25.7 | ||
| FQ2 | 96.3 | 31.8 | 94.0 | 31.9 | ||
| Carbapenems | 87.3 | 27.6 | 81.7 | 28.4 | ||
| PIP/PIPTAZ | 83.3 | 19.1 | 81.5 | 19.4 | ||
| MDR2 | 98.1 | 20.8 | 96.4 | 19.9 | ||
| Acinetobacter spp. | 287 | 252 | ||||
| Carbapenems | 85.0 | 63.5 | 82.9 | 55.5 | ||
| MDR3 | 98.6 | 63.3 | 98.8 | 53.8 | ||
NOTE. OX/METH/CEFOX, oxacillin/methicillin/cefoxitin; VAN, vancomycin; ESC4, extended-spectrum cephalosporin (cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone); Carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem); MDR1, multidrug-resistance (must test either intermediate [I] or resistant [R] to at least 1 drug in 3 of the 5 following classes [ESC4, FQ3, AMINO, carbapenems, & PIP/PIPTAZ]); FQ3, fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin); AMINOS, aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin); ESC2, extended-spectrum cephalosporin (cefepime, ceftazidime); FQ2, fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin); PIP, piperacillin; PIPTAZ, piperacillin/tazobactam; MDR2, multidrug-resistance (must test either I or R to at least 1 drug in 3 of the 5 following classes [ESC2, FQ2, AMINOS, carbapenems, & PIP/PIPTAZ]); MDR3, multidrug-resistance (must test either I or R to at least 1 drug in 3 of the 6 following classes [ESC4, FQ2, AMINOS, carbapenems, PIP/PIPTAZ, & ampicillin/sulbactam]).
This report includes VAP data from 2011–2012 only.
If the percent of isolates tested is less than 70%, caution should be used when interpreting the percent resistance.
Percent resistance is calculated only when at least 20 isolates have been tested.