. 2019 Aug 1;48(5):1665–1672. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyz170

Table 1.

Association between paternal antidepressant use and gestational age and child anxiety

Outcome (units)	Exposure	Unadjusted model	Adjusted model: maternal factors only	Adjusted model: maternal and paternal factors
Gestational age (days), β (95% CI), N = 70 959	Antidepressant	–0.63 (–1.56, 0.31)	–0.45 (–1.39, 0.49)	–0.18 (–1.13, 0.78)
Gestational age (days), β (95% CI), N = 70 959	SSRI	–0.23 (–1.21, 0.75)	–0.07 (–1.05, 0.91)	0.21 (–0.78, 1.20)
Anxiety Z-score (SD), β (95% CI), N = 42 511	Antidepressant	0.13 (0.03, 0.23)	0.10 (0.00, 0.21)	0.06 (–0.04, 0.17)
Anxiety Z-score (SD), β (95% CI), N = 42 511	SSRI	0.17 (0.04, 0.29)	0.15 (0.02, 0.27)	0.11 (–0.02, 0.23)
High anxiety symptoms (yes/no), OR (95% CI)	Antidepressant	1.33 (0.90, 1.97)	1.23 (0.83, 1.83)	1.14 (0.76, 1.69)
High anxiety symptoms (yes/no), OR (95% CI)	SSRI	1.70 (1.13, 2.55)	1.60 (1.06, 2.42)	1.49 (0.99, 2.25)

Maternal factors include maternal antidepressant use in pregnancy, maternal age (continuous), parity (0, 1, 2, 3, ≥4), maternal self-reported depression before or during pregnancy (yes/no), maternal self-reported anxiety before or during pregnancy (yes/no), maternal lifetime history of major depression (yes/no), maternal education (less than university/completed university or higher), any maternal smoking in pregnancy (yes/no) and any maternal alcohol use in pregnancy (yes/no). Maternal and paternal factors model additionally includes paternal age (<30, 30–34, ≥35) and paternal lifetime history of major depression (yes/no). CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; OR, odds ratio.