Table 1.
Patient demographics and baseline clinical characteristics by HCQ discontinuation
| Patient characteristics | Overall n = 509 | Continued HCQ n = 172 (33.8%) | Discontinued HCQ n = 337 (66.2%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 40.8 (15.3) | 40.6 (14.7) | 40.9 (15.7) | 0.97 |
| Female, n (%) | 460 (90.4) | 156 (90.7) | 304 (90.2) | 0.86 |
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| Caucasian | 223 (43.8) | 63 (36.6) | 160 (47.5) | 0.029 |
| Hispanic | 101 (19.8) | 39 (22.7) | 62 (18.4) | |
| African American | 156 (30.6) | 59 (34.3) | 97 (28.8) | |
| Asian | 19 (3.7) | 10 (5.8) | 9 (2.7) | |
| Unknown | 10 (2.0) | 1 (0.6) | 9 (2.7) | |
| BMI (kg/m²), mean (SD) | 29.3 (8.2) | 29.6 (8.0) | 29.1 (8.2) | 0.55 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
| Current/Past | 159 (32.2) | 50 (29.1) | 109 (32.4) | 0.45 |
| Never | 350 (68.8) | 122 (70.9) | 228 (67.7) | |
| Family history of SLE, n (%) | 46 (9.0) | 14 (8.1) | 32 (9.5) | 0.61 |
| SLE Criteria | ||||
| ≤3 | 18 (3.6) | 4 (2.4) | 14 (4.2) | 0.29 |
| >3 | 486 (96.4) | 166 (97.6) | 320 (95.8) | |
| Diagnostic symptoms, n (%) | ||||
| Malar rash | 184 (36.1) | 66 (38.4) | 118 (35.0) | 0.46 |
| Discoid rash | 81 (15.9) | 30 (17.4) | 51 (15.1) | 0.50 |
| Photosensitivity | 90 (17.7) | 30 (17.4) | 60 (17.8) | 0.92 |
| Oral ulcers | 75 (14.7) | 28 (16.3) | 47 (13.9) | 0.48 |
| Arthritis | 353 (69.4) | 108 (62.8) | 245 (72.7) | 0.022 |
| Serositis | 91 (17.9) | 31 (18.0) | 60 (17.8) | 0.95 |
| Renal disorder | 122 (24.0) | 37 (21.5) | 85 (25.2) | 0.35 |
| Neurological disorder | 51 (10.0) | 17 (9.9) | 34 (10.1) | 0.94 |
| Hematologic disorder | 144 (28.3) | 53 (30.8) | 91 (27.0) | 0.37 |
| Immunologic disorder | 468 (91.9) | 162 (94.2) | 306 (90.8) | 0.18 |
| Anti‐nuclear antibody | 491 (96.5) | 170 (98.8) | 321 (95.3) | 0.038 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||
| Prednisone | 352 (69.2) | 125 (72.7) | 227 (67.4) | 0.22 |
| Mycophenolate | 165 (32.4) | 63 (36.6) | 102 (30.3) | 0.15 |
| Azathioprine | 128 (25.1) | 56 (32.6) | 72 (21.4) | 0.006 |
| Methotrexate | 45 (8.8) | 14 (8.1) | 31 (9.2) | 0.69 |
| Cyclophosphamide | 41 (8.1) | 14 (8.1) | 27 (8.0) | 0.96 |
| Leflunomide | 14 (2.8) | 7 (4.1) | 7 (2.1) | 0.25 |
| Rituximab | 19 (3.7) | 11 (6.4) | 8 (2.4) | 0.024 |
| Belimumab | 5 (1.0) | 4 (2.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0.047 |
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.