Table 3.
Minimally adjusted and fully adjusted longitudinal analyses of systolic and diastolic blood pressure estimates in patients with seropositive RA and the control cohort
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Diastolic Blood Pressure | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | 95% Confidence Interval | P a | Estimate | 95% Confidence Interval | P a | |
| Minimally adjusted GEE model | ||||||
| Patient with RA | 0.35 | (−0.70 to 1.41) | 0.5 | 0.64 | (−0.04 to 1.32) | 0.07 |
| Female sex | −1.12 | (−2.40 to 0.16) | 0.09 | −1.5 | (−2.31 to −0.69) | <0.01 |
| Non‐white race | −0.41 | (−1.71 to 0.90) | 0.5 | 0.7 | (−0.34 to 1.73) | 0.2 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.35 | (0.29 to 0.41) | <0.01 | 0.15 | (0.12 to 0.19) | <0.01 |
| Age, y | 0.28 | (0.25 to 0.31) | <0.01 | −0.12 | (−0.14 to −0.10) | <0.01 |
| Fully adjusted GEE model | ||||||
| Patient with RA | 0.06 | (−1.05 to 1.18) | 0.9 | 0.46 | (−0.25 to 1.16) | 0.2 |
| Female sex | −0.82 | (−2.10 to 0.45) | 0.2 | −1.43 | (−2.19 to −0.67) | <0.01 |
| Non‐white race | −0.80 | (−2.08 to 0.48) | 0.2 | 0.63 | (−0.40 to 1.66) | 0.2 |
| Age, y | 0.23 | (0.20 to 0.27) | <0.01 | −0.11 | (−0.13 to −0.09) | <0.01 |
| Median income of zip code, USD (thousands) | −0.02 | (−0.05 to 0.01) | 0.2 | −0.01 | (−0.03 to 0.01) | 0.4 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.31 | (0.25 to 0.37) | <0.01 | 0.17 | (0.14 to 0.21) | <0.01 |
| Smoking status | 0.7 | 0.01 | ||||
| Current | 0.35 | (−1.04 to 1.74) | 0.6 | 1.31 | (0.47 to 2.15) | <0.01 |
| Former | −0.29 | (−1.26 to 0.67) | 0.6 | 0.18 | (−0.46 to 0.83) | −0.6 |
| Never | Reference | … | … | Reference | … | … |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0.01 | <0.01 | ||||
| 0 | Reference | … | … | Reference | … | … |
| 1 | 0.50 | (−0.81 to 1.80) | 0.5 | −0.44 | (−1.46 to 0.59) | 0.4 |
| 2+ | −2.61 | (−4.38 to −0.84) | <0.01 | −1.90 | (−2.98 to −0.82) | <0.01 |
| Antihypertensive medications, count | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||
| 0 | Reference | … | … | Reference | … | … |
| 1 | 3.90 | (3.06 to 4.74) | <0.01 | 1.76 | (1.21 to 2.31) | <0.01a |
| 2 | 3.79 | (2.76 to 4.82) | <0.01 | 0.95 | (0.34 to 1.56) | <0.01a |
| 3+ | 3.84 | (2.60 to 5.09) | <0.01 | −0.71 | (−1.52 to 0.09) | −0.1a |
| Oral glucocorticoids, yes/no | 1.09 | (0.14 to 2.04) | 0.03 | 0.86 | (0.28 to 1.44) | <0.01 |
| Blood pressure measurements per year, count | −0.05 | (−0.15 to 0.04) | 0.3 | −0.08 | (−0.13 to −0.02) | <0.01 |
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; GEE, generalized estimating equation; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; USD, US dollar.
P values are presented for GEEs.
a
P values are for levels of categorical variables.