Figure 4.

Steps to differentiate arterial stenosis and pseudostenosis. If a pseudostenosis is suspected, check the contrast injection site and examine the length and width of the lesion. Injection of the contralateral arm or delayed sequence imaging with nonvisualization of the suspected pseudostenosis is confirmatory. In absence of radiologic confirmation, no associated vascular examination findings in the corresponding limb can provide clinical support to confirm a suspected pseudostenosis. *Clinical symptoms in a corresponding limb may be present in cases of suspected pseudostenosis when there is a concurrent true stenosis in the same artery.