Table 1.
Summary of candidate predictors
| Domain / candidate predictor | Measure / data item |
| Demographical variables | |
| Age | Years |
| Gender | Female / male |
| Education | Basic education, intermediate education and university-level education |
| General health variables | |
| Health-related quality of life | EuroQol EQ-5D-5L52 |
| Sleep quality | 11-point (0–10) Numerical Rating Scales, relating to current pain, from ‘best possible sleep’ to ‘worst possible sleep’53 |
| Psychosocial features | |
| Coping strategies applied during a painful experience | Coping Strategies Questionnaire 27 (CSQ-27)54 |
| Anxiety and depression | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS)55 |
| Treatment expectation | Positive / negative expectation56 |
| TMD characteristics | |
| Pain duration | Days |
| Pain intensity | VAS: averaging ratings of current pain, average pain and worst pain in the last week57 |
| Pain location | Pain drawing as described in the protocol of Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD)16 |
| Central sensitisation | Central Sensitisation Inventory (CS)58 |
| Classification of TMD | In according to DC/TMD Taxonomy59 |
| Oral behaviours | Oral Behaviours Checklist (OBC)60 |
| Characteristic pain intensity and disability | Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS) version 2.0 (Italian version—www.rdc-tmdinternational.org) |
| Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticatory muscles clinical test | |
| TMJ range of motion | Maximal Mouth Opening (MMO) without pain measured in mm through a ruler as described in the DC/TMD protocol16 |
| TMJ palpation pain | Dynamic TMJ lateral pole palpation (1 kg of palpation pressure) in according to DC/TMD protocol16
Score range: 0–1 (no pain=0; pain=1) |
| Muscle palpation pain | Palpation in the following six bilateral points: lateral pterygoid area (0.5 kg intraoral palpation), temporalis tendon (0.5 kg intraoral palpation), masseter muscle (1 kg extraoral palpation) as described in the DC/TMD protocol.16 Score range: 0–1 (<3 sites with familiar pain=0; ≥3 sites with familiar pain=1) |
| JAw-test | Immediate effects of brief intraoral MT techniques on pain (VRS) and TMJ range of motion (MMO). A standardised procedure is fully described in online supplementary file S1. Score range 0–2: (0=no change; 1=pain improvement or MMO improvement; 2=improvement of both) |
VAS, Visual Analogue Scale; VRS, Verbal Rating Scale.