Table 4.
Chronic study: autonomic function: HRV, BRS and salivary amylase
| Pre-intervention | 3-month follow-up adjusted for pre-intervention level | Between-group difference adjusted for pre-intervention levels (95% CI) | P value for between-group difference adjusted for pre-intervention levels | |||
| Yoga +usual care | Usual care | Yoga +usual care | Usual care | Yoga minus usual care | ||
|
HRV
and BRS
10 min recording medians (95% CIM) |
n=24 | n=33 | n=24 | n=33 | ||
| Number of beats | 677 (605 to 877) | 709 (632 to 798) | 644 (589 to 698) | 638 (584 to 693) | −1 (−110 to 108) | 1.0 |
| Number of ectopics | 19 (8 to 71) | 22 (8 to 48) | 29 (6 to 53) | 26 (2 to 49) | −1 (−46 to 44) | 1.0 |
| Mean RR interval, millisecond(ms) | 1016(888 to 1128) | 977 (925 to 1073) | 1050 (1012 to 1089) | 1020 (982 to 1059) | 13 (−62 to 87) | 0.7 |
| SDNN, ms | 55.5 (39.7 to 78.6) |
53.4 (37.4 to 69.2) |
48.2 (36.7 to 59.6) |
47.2 (35.9 to 58.6) |
3.6 (−20.4 to 27.5) |
0.8 |
| RMSSD, ms | 38.5 (30.0 to 60.0) |
38.8 (30.2 to 57.8) |
44.4 (35.2 to 53.5) |
39.9 (30.8 to 48.9) |
4.4 (−13.8 to 22.8) |
0.6 |
| NN50 | 40 (18 to 57) | 49(24 to 67) | 49 (31 to 66) | 51 (34 to 68) | 17 (−20 to 54) | 0.4 |
| pNN50 | 0.08 (0.03 to 0.11)) |
0.08 (0.04 to 0.14) |
0.14 (0.10 to 0.17) |
0.11 (0.07 to 0.15) |
0.01 (−0.06, to 0.08) |
0.7 |
| Triangular index | 179 (149 to 231) | 177 (139 to 235) | 189 (163 to 216) | 187 (160 to 214) | 20 (−37 to 77) | 0.5 |
| Total RR interval power, ms2 | 1514 (633 to 2339) |
995 (680 to 2097) |
1157 (653 to 1662) |
1171 (668 to 1673) |
401 (−591 to 1393) |
0.4 |
| LF RR interval power, ms2 | 340 (119 to 613) | 284 (177 to 491) | 340 (143 to 537) | 340 (143 to 538) | 20 (−391 to 430) | 0.9 |
| HF RR interval power, ms2 | 251 (77 to 759) | 235 (126 to 317) | 265 (113 to 417) | 265 (113 to 16) | 101 (−256 to 457) | 0.6 |
| LF/HF power ratio | 1.5 (0.8 to 2.1) | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.7) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.4) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.4) | 0.04 (−0.5 to 0.6) | 0.9 |
| LF RR interval power, normalised units(nu) | 0.23 (0.16 to 0.32) |
0.27 (0.25 to 0.30) |
0.28 (0.24 to 0.31) |
0.29 (0.26 to 0.32) |
0.03 (−0.03 to 0.09) |
0.3 |
| HF RR interval power, nu | 0.17 (0.12 to 0.33) |
0.19 (0.14 to 0.28) |
0.23 (0.17 to 0.29 |
0.23 (0.17 to 0.29) |
−0.02 (−0.13 to 0.10) |
0.8 |
| LF alpha index, ms/mm Hg | 6.9 (4.6 to 12.9) | 9.1 (6.6 to 13.6) | 10.1 (7.5 to 12.7) | 10.4 (7.8 to 13.0) | 0.8 (-4.4 to 6.1) | 0.8 |
| HF alpha index, ms/mm Hg | 9.2 (4.6 to 25.6) | 13.9 (9.2 to 22.6) | 15.8 (7.7 to 23.9) | 16.4 (8.3 to 24.5) | 3.7 (−9.4 to 16.8) | 0.6 |
| BRS on sequence analysis, ms/mmHg | 9.9 (6.3 to 16.1) | 10.0 (7.0 to 13.0) | 10.6 (8.2 to 13.1) | 10.6 (8.2 to 13.0) | 1.5 (−2.6 to 5.6) | 0.5 |
| Salivary amylase, log microunits/L, (means (95% CI)) | n=23 | n=32 | n=23 | n=32 | ||
| Waking | 4.19 (3.83 to 4.41) |
4.48 (4.23 to 4.73) |
4.39 (4.06 to 4.71) |
4.45 (4.17 to 4.74) |
−0.05 (−0.68 to 0.58) |
0.9 |
| Waking +30 min | 4.03 (3.74 to 4.33) |
4.08 (3.83 to 4.33) |
4.03 (3.71 to 4.34) |
4.26 (3.98 to 4.54) |
−0.23 (−0.84 to 0.39) |
0.5 |
| Waking +1 hours 30 min | 4.45 (4.16 to 4.74) |
4.88 (4.62 to 5.13) |
4.48 (4.16 to 4.79) |
4.47 (4.19 to 4.76) |
−0.01 (−0.63 to 0.61) |
1.0 |
| Waking +12 hours | 4.61 (4.30 to 4.92) |
4.74 (4.48 to 4.99) |
4.29 (3.97 to 4.61) |
4.70 (4.42 to 4.98) |
−0.42 (−1.0 to 0.21) |
0.19 |
| Bedtime | 4.42 (4.12 to 4.72) |
4.66 (4.41 to 4.92) |
4.56 (4.23 to 4.88) |
4.44 (4.16 to 4.73) |
0.11 (−0.52 to 0.73) |
0.7 |
BRS, baroreceptor sensitivity; HF alpha index, high-frequency alpha index, ms/mm Hg; HF RR interval power, Relative power of the high-frequency band (0.15–0.4 Hz), nu; HF RR interval power, absolute power of the high-frequency band (0.15–0.4 Hz, ms2; HRV, heart rate variability; LF alpha index, Low-frequency alpha index, ms/mm Hg; LF/HF power ratio, ratio of LF-to-HF power; LF RR interval power, relative power of the low-frequency band (0.04–0.15 Hz), normalised units (nu); LF RR interval power, absolute power of the low-frequency band (0.04–0.15 Hz), ms2; NN50, number of successive N-N intervals that differ by more than 50 ms; pNN50, Proportion of successive RR intervals that differ by more than 50 ms; RMSSD, root mean square of successive R-R interval differences, ms; SDNN, SD of N-N intervals, ms.