Table 3.
Factors associated with hazardous alcohol consumption and binge drinking among key populations in Togo in 2017
| Hazardous/harmful alcohol consumption | Binge drinking | |||||||||
| n/N | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | n/N | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | P value | aOR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | aOR (95% CI) | P value | |||
| Age (years) | 0.05 | 0.05 | ||||||||
| 18–25 | 351/1081 | 1 | 1 | 433/1081 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| >25 | 462/1034 | 1.7 (1.4 to 2.0) | 0.001 | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.6) | 0.05 | 529/1034 | 1.6 (1.3 to 1.9) | 0.001 | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.6) | 0.01 |
| Marital status | 0.97 | |||||||||
| Not married | 641/1759 | 1 | 1 | 777/1759 | 1 | |||||
| Married | 172/356 | 1.6 (1.302.1) | 0.001 | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) | 185/356 | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.7) | 0.001 | |||
| Education level | 0.001 | 0.19 | 0.001 | 0.01 | ||||||
| Never been to school | 64/188 | 1 | 1 | 69/188 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Primary school | 232/477 | 1.8 (1.3 to 2.6) | 0.001 | 1.50 (1.0 to 2.2) | 0.05 | 256/477 | 2.0 (1.4 to 2.8) | 0.001 | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.4) | 0.01 |
| Secondary school | 436/1143 | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.7) | 0.283 | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) | 0.26 | 517/1143 | 1.4 (1.0 to 2.0) | 0.05 | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.1) | 0.05 |
| University | 81/307 | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.0) | 0.10 | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.2) | 0.21 | 120/307 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.6) | 0.60 | 2.1 (1.3 to 3.3) | 0.01 |
| Religion | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Others/non-believers | 56/112 | 1 | 1 | 151/263 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Christians | 596/1621 | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.7) | 0.001 | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.9) | 0.05 | 718/1621 | 0.6 (0.5 to 0.8) | 0.001 | 0.71 (0.5 to 1.0) | 0.05 |
| Muslims | 80/231 | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.7) | 0.001 | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.6) | 0.001 | 93/231 | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.7) | 0.001 | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.7) | 0.001 |
| Place of residence | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||||||
| Lomé | 392/1289 | 1 | 1 | 486/1289 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Others | 421/826 | 2.4 (2.0 to 2.9) | 0.001 | 2.8 (2.2 to 3.4) | 0.001 | 476/826 | 2.3 (1.9 to 2.7) | 0.001 | 2.5 (2.0 to 3.0) | 0.001 |
| Tobacco use | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||||||
| No | 423/1468 | 1 | 1 | 533/1468 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 390/647 | 3.8 (3.1 to 4.6) | 0.001 | 2.6 (2.0 to 3.4) | 0.001 | 429/647 | 3.5 (2.8 to 4.2) | 0.001 | 2.6 (2.0 to 3.4) | 0.001 |
| Psychological distress | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Likely to not have psychological distress | 387/1278 | 1 | 1 | 491/1278 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Likely to have mild psychological distress | 174/426 | 1.6 (1.3 to 2.0) | 0.001 | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.5) | 0.20 | 220/426 | 1.7 (1.4 to 2.1) | 0.001 | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.7) | 0.05 |
| Likely to have moderate psychological distress | 159/275 | 3.2 (2.4 to 4.1) | 0.001 | 2.5 (1.9 to 3.4) | 0.001 | 160/275 | 2.2 (1.7 to 2.9) | 0.001 | 1.8 (1.3 to 2.4) | 0.001 |
| Likely to have severe psychological distress | 93/136 | 5.0 (3.4 to 7.4) | 0.001 | 3.3 (2.2 to 5.1) | 0.001 | 91/136 | 3.2 (2.2 to 4.8) | 0.001 | 2.2 (1.5 to 3.4) | 0.001 |
| HIV infection | 0.001 | 0.05 | 0.001 | 0.05 | ||||||
| No | 665/1677 | 1 | 1 | 784/1677 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 67/265 | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.7) | 0.001 | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.0) | 0.05 | 84/265 | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.7) | 0.001 | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.0) | 0.05 |
| Not completed | 81/173 | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.8) | 0.10 | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.8) | 0.30 | 94/173 | 1.4 (1.0 to 1.9) | 0.10 | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.8) | 0.26 |
| Key population | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||||
| MSM | 134/641 | 1 | 1 | 196/641 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| FSW | 344/937 | 2.2 (1.7 to 2.8) | 0.001 | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.4) | 0.001 | 406/937 | 1.7 (1.4 to 2.2) | 0.001 | 1.6 (1.3 to 2.1) | 0.001 |
| DU | 335/537 | 6.3 (4.9 to 8.2) | 0.001 | 2.4 (1.7 to 3.4) | 0.01 | 20/27 | 4.6 (3.6 to 5.9) | 0.001 | 2.0 (1.4 to 2.8) | 0.001 |
Bold values represent the main variables that are significant (≥0.05) for the multivariate analysis.
aOR, adjusted odds ratio; DU, drug users; FSW, female sex workers; MSM, men who have sex with men.