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. 2019 Nov 3;9(11):e030438. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030438

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Performed obstruction release procedures by APN, stone size and obstruction duration. (A) Percutaneous nephrostomy was performed more frequently in patients with APN compared with non-APN patients (10.2% vs 2.0%). (B) Stone size was significantly different according to the obstruction release method (p<0.001). Patients who had the obstruction released through percutaneous nephrostomy showed the longest obstruction duration. APN, acute pyelonephritis; ESWL, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.