Table 4.

Pre-intervention and post-intervention item and total scores for the Scleroderma Support Group Leader Self-efficacy Scale: possible item scores range from 1 to 6 with higher scores reflecting greater self-efficacy

Items	Pre-trial N	Pre-trial mean (SD)	Post-trial N	Post-trial mean (SD)	Standardised mean difference effect size (95% CI—total only)
1. Obtain financial or other resources needed to run the group	10	3.5 (1.7)	10	4.8 (1.2)	0.61
2. Promote the group to health professionals as an important resource for patients	10	4.5 (0.7)	10	5.4 (0.7)	1.80
3. Share responsibilities, including administrative and practical tasks, with a co-facilitator or other group members	10	4.8 (1.6)	10	5.5 (0.5)	0.52
4. Manage group members who are overly talkative or monopolise the discussion	10	3.9 (1.1)	10	4.8 (0.6)	1.13
5. Manage group members who assume the role of the ‘know-it-all’	10	3.9 (1.1)	10	4.6 (0.8)	0.73
6. Support members of the group who are grieving	10	3.3 (1.5)	10	4.7 (0.8)	0.97
7. Help overly shy group members feel comfortable interacting with the group	10	3.9 (1.1)	10	4.9 (0.7)	1.14
8. Help group members cope with difficult events, such as the death of a member	10	3.0 (1.8)	10	4.7 (0.8)	0.90
9. Effectively recruit new members	10	3.5 (1.4)	10	4.9 (0.7)	1.18
10. Address the different needs of group members at varying stages of the disease	10	3.7 (1.6)	10	4.8 (0.6)	0.77
11. Manage conflicts and disagreements between group members	10	3.3 (1.4)	10	4.5 (0.7)	0.95
12. Help the group establish appropriate group rules, such as maintaining confidentiality	10	4.3 (1.1)	10	5.8 (0.4)	2.31
13. Effectively publicise the group	10	3.5 (1.1)	10	5.1 (0.7)	1.86
14. Intervene effectively when group rules are not being followed	10	4.0 (1.1)	10	5.0 (0.7)	1.30
15. Obtain the support I need to cope with the emotional demands of leading the group	10	2.9 (1.2)	10	4.9 (1.0)	1.65
16. Respond constructively to feedback from group members	10	4.6 (0.8)	10	5.3 (0.8)	1.01
17. Help group members relate to other members of a different age	10	4.1 (1.0)	10	5.1 (0.7)	1.30
18. Provide the structure needed for successful meetings	10	5 (0.9)	10	5.6 (0.5)	1.03
19. Keep the group meetings interesting and relevant to both new and returning members	10	4.2 (0.9)	10	5.2 (0.8)	1.35
20. Manage group members who oversimplify or minimise the concerns of other members	10	3.5 (1.4)	10	4.9 (0.9)	0.99
21. Facilitate the group meetings so that all members have an opportunity to speak	10	4.6 (0.8)	10	5.1 (0.9)	0.68
22. Help the group stay focused on topics that are relevant to members	10	4.4 (0.7)	10	5.3 (0.7)	1.88
23. Obtain feedback from members about the group	10	4.3 (0.8)	10	5.0 (0.8)	1.04
24. Organise and plan activities for group members, such as having guest speakers	10	4.5 (1.4)	10	5.5 (0.7)	0.86
25. Help members feel comfortable in the group and relate to one another	10	4.4 (0.8)	10	5.2 (0.6)	1.43
26. Obtain feedback from members about my leadership	10	3.6 (0.7)	10	4.8 (0.9)	1.79
27. Help group members relate to other members of a different cultural background	10	3.9 (1.2)	10	4.5 (1.0)	0.50
28. Communicate reasonable boundaries about my availability outside of the group	10	3.7 (1.3)	10	4.5 (1.0)	0.64
29. Talk to a group member about her or his behaviour if it is disruptive to the group	10	2.7 (1.3)	10	4.5 (0.9)	1.58
30. Ask a member to leave the group due to her of his disruptive behaviour	10	1.6 (1.0)	10	4.2 (1.1)	2.32
31. Help group members relate to other members of a different gender	10	4.4 (1.1)	10	5.0 (0.8)	0.65
32. Recruit a co-facilitator or other group members to help me with leadership responsibilities	10	4.9 (1.3)	10	5.1 (0.9)	0.16
Total score (possible range 32 to 192)	10	124.4 (22.0)	10	159.2 (17.0)	1.70 (0.67 to 2.72)