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. 2019 Nov 15;9:16893. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53231-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Potential physiological scenarios of IL-36-heme complex formation. (A) IL-36α-heme binding to the receptor IL-36R may lead to steric clashes (indicated by an arrow) as identified by docking of the complex into the X-ray structure of the IL-1RII receptor complex (PDB: 3040,⁴⁰). (B) Potential scenarios explaining decreased IL-36-mediated signaling upon heme binding, either ligand binding is completely diminished or recruitment of the accessory protein (IL-36RacP) is impaired.