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. 2019 Nov 15;10:5192. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12913-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Gyrification with BPs expansion in the Lmx1a−/−;b−/− mouse cortex. Dorsal view of whole mount telencephalon with fast green dye applied on the telencephalic surface (a, b) and coronal cresyl violet or antibody-stained sections (c–j, l, m) at indicated stages. a, b Cortical surface of e18.5 Lmx1a−/−;b−/− mutants, but not wild-type littermates, showed groves (arrows) that extended along the anterior-posterior axis in each cortical hemisphere. c, d Cux1/Ctip2-immunostained sections showing that despite gyrification of the outer cortical surface (faces up), cortical layering was not grossly disrupted in Lmx1a−/−;b−/− mutants. Corresponding ventricular surface (faces down) was not folded. VZ - ventricular zone. e, f Arrows point to sulci that develop on the outer cortical surface of Lmx1a−/−;b−/− embryos at e15.5 (f). Dashed line demarcates cortical ventricular surface and lateral ganglionic eminence. g–k Numerous basally located Pax6+ cells were present in the emerging gyri (i, arrowhead) but not sulci in e15.5 Lmx1a−/−;b−/− mutants (i). The number of Pax6+/Tbr2− cells located basal to the dense band of Tbr2 + IPs (arrowheads in h, j, j insets) was dramatically increased in cortical gyri but not sulci relative to wild-type littermates (**p < 0.01, n = 4 embryos per genotype). l–n In e15.5 Lmx1a−/−;b−/− mutants, Tbr2 + IPs (arrowheads) were increased in the number in cortical gyri but not sulci relative to wild-type littermates (**p < 0.01, n = 3 embryos per genotype). All data are mean ± s.d., all p values are from two-tailed t-test after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Source data for panels k and n are provided as Source Data File. Scale bars: 1 mm (a, b); 200 μm (c–g, i); 100 μm (h, j, l, m); 25 μm (insets in panel j)