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. 2019 Nov 15;10:5192. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12913-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Bmp4 rescues DMe development and cortical gyrification in Lmx1a−/−;b−/− mutants. Bmp4 and/or GFP expressing plasmids were electroporated into DMe of Lmx1a−/−;b−/− embryos at e10.5 and analyzed at e12.5 (a–d) or e15.5 (e, f). To electroporate DMe, the positive electrode was placed against this region, as shown in the schematic below panel a. Negatively charged DNA moves toward the positive electrode (arrows) entering DMe. a–d Show DMe (a region boxed in the diagram below panel b). Immunohistochemistry revealed that Bmp4, but not GFP, induced Ttr in the Lmx1a−/−;b−/− ChPe (arrowheads in d). GFP+ ChPe cells (arrowheads in a, c) confirm successful electroporation of ChPe. e, f While GFP-electroporated Lmx1a−/−;b−/− mutants had cortical gyrification at e15.5 (e, arrows point to cortical gyri), electroporation of Bmp4 into DMe restored cortical lissencephaly (f). Arrowheads point to GFP+ cells in the DMe, showing specific electroporation of this domain. Scale bars: 100 μm (a–d); 200 μm (e, f)