Table 5.
Standardized estimatesa and confidence intervals from best fitting models testing overlap in underlying genetic and environmental influences on attentional control, anxiety symptom and either ADHD (Model 1), Impulsivity/hyperactivity (Model 3), or Inattention (Model 5), also depicted in Figure 2.
| A1 | A2 | A3 | E1 | E2 | E3 | s | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1. | |||||||
| Attentional Control | .88 (.91 .96) | .45 (.39 .53) | −.15 | ||||
| Anxiety | −.30 (−.39 −.21) | .70 (.63 .77) | −.20 (−.30 −.10) | .62 (.56 .67) | |||
| ADHD | −.68 (−.76 −.61) | .20 (.11 .28) | .57 (.50 .64) | −.20 (−.27 −.13) | .03 (−.03 .09) | .34 (.29 .40) | −.15 |
| Model 3. | |||||||
| Attentional Control | .89 (.81 .96) | .45 (.38 .52) | −.16 | ||||
| Anxiety | −.30 (−.39 −.21) | .69 (.62 .71) | −.18 (−.28 −.08) | .62 (.54 .71) | |||
| Impulsivity/hyperactivity | −.57 (−.66 −.49) | .20 (.10 .30) | .68 (.60 .76) | −.10 (−.16 −.03) | −.02 (−.04 .07) | .39 (.32 .45) | −.16 |
| Model 5. | |||||||
| Attentional Control | .87 (.80 .95) | .48 (.40 .55) | −.12 | ||||
| Anxiety | −.31 (−.40 −.22) | .70 (.62 .77) | −.19 (−.30 −.09) | .61 (.54 .67) | |||
| Inattention | −.70 (−.78 −.62) | .16 (.09 .23) | .49 (.42 .56) | −.28 (−.36 −.19) | .07 (.004 .14) | .39 (.32 .45) | −.13 |
Note:
Estimates are not squared in order to show direction of effects
A1 = genetic influences on attentional control that also influence anxiety symptoms and ADHD symptoms (or its subcomponents)
A2 = genetic influences on anxiety symptoms that also influence ADHD symptoms (or its subcomponents)
A3 = genetic influences specific to ADHD symptoms (or its subcomponents)
E1-3 = non-shared environmental counterpart to A1-3
s = sibling interaction parameter; sibling interaction effects are significant at p<.001).