TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics (1987–1989) of black participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, stratified by sickle cell trait carrier status
| Characteristic | Sickle cell trait N = 236 |
Noncarrier N = 3366 |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (mean years ± SD) | 54 ±6 | 54 ± 6 | .6 |
| Women | 136 (58%) | 2088 (62%) | .2 |
| Medical history | |||
| Current smoking | 57 (24%) | 1012 (30%) | .05 |
| Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) | 92 (39%) | 1370 (41%) | .6 |
| Hypertension | 131 (56%) | 1878 (56%) | .9 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 46 (19%) | 653 (19%) | 1.0 |
| Hyperlipidemia (TC >240 mg/dL) | 74 (31%) | 877 (26%) | .07 |
| Chronic kidney disease (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 42 (18%) | 426 (13%) | .02 |
| Myocardial infarctiona | 8 (3%) | 127 (4%) | .8 |
| Previous strokea | 3 (2%) | 73 (3%) | |
| Biomarkers | |||
| Factor VII activity (%) | 125.7 ± 35.4 | 117.4 ± 30.9 | <.0001 |
| Elevated factor VII activity (>150%) | 46 (19%) | 385 (11%) | .0002 |
| Factor VIII activity (%) | 152.0 ± 52.6 | 147.0 ± 47.1 | .1 |
| Elevated factor VIII activity (>150%) | 104 (43%) | 1375 (40%) | .3 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 322.9 ± 77.5 | 320.6 ± 71.8 | .7 |
| Elevated fibrinogen (>400 mg/dL) | 33 (14%) | 437 (13%) | .6 |
| von Willebrand factor antigen (%) | 142.3 ± 61.0 | 133.3 ± 56.7 | .02 |
| Elevated von Willebrand factor antigen (>150%) | 94 (39%) | 1095 (32%) | .02 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; TC, total cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
a
History of myocardial infarction prior to study enrollment missing for 9 participants, history of stroke prior to study enrollment missing for 769 participants.