. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Causes Control. 2019 Oct 21;30(12):1293–1300. doi: 10.1007/s10552-019-01238-3

Table 3.

Association of Periodontal Disease Severity and Edentulism with Elevated Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen, Men in NHANES 2009-2010^a

	No PD (n=320)	Mild (n=103)	Moderate (n=500)	Severe (n=229)	Edentulism (n=111)	P-trend^d
	Odds Ratio (95% CI)
PSA>2 ng/mL	59	11	122	46	33
Model 1^b	Reference	0.78 (0.31, 1.96)	0.95 (0.53, 1.70)	0.82 (0.29, 2.34)	0.69 (0.29, 1.67)	0.69
Model 2^c	Reference	0.76 (0.32, 1.82)	0.95 (0.52, 1.75)	0.75 (0.27, 2.11)	0.65 (0.23, 1.79)	0.56
PSA>2.5 ng/mL	40	7	101	35	29
Model 1^b	Reference	0.80 (0.23, 2.78)	1.17 (0.58, 2.37)	0.87 (0.41, 1.83)	0.77 (0.36, 1.66)	0.91
Model 2^c	Reference	0.76 (0.23, 2.50)	1.12 (0.55, 2.27)	0.75 (0.38, 1.51)	0.67 (0.34, 1.31)	0.85
PSA>4.0 ng/mL	14	4	51	16	16
Model 1^b	Reference	0.77 (0.19, 3.17)	1.34 (0.72, 2.52)	1.10 (0.56, 2.17)	0.96 (0.30, 3.13)	0.45
Model 2^c	Reference	0.85 (0.22, 3.25)	1.58 (0.82, 3.04)	1.28 (0.60, 2.73)	1.27 (0.42, 3.82)	0.15

PD = periodontal disease; PSA = prostate-specific antigen; CI = confidence interval

Model 1 adjusted for age in years (continuous) and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, other).

Model 2 adjusted for age in years (continuous), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, other), body mass index (continuous), annual family income (<$25000, $25000-$74999, >$74999), education (<high school, high school, >high school), smoking (never, former, current), and diabetes (non-diabetic, pre-diabetic. diabetic).

P for trend for periodontal disease severity in dentate men