Table 5.
Odds ratios for central obesity across quartiles of dietary pattern scores and metabolic parameters by gendera
| Variables | OR (95% CI) for central obesity (high WC) | OR (95% CI) for central obesity (high WHR) | OR (95% CI) for central obesity (high WHtR) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (n = 10,691) | Women (n = 3396) | Men (n = 10,691) | Women (n = 3396) | Men (n = 10,691) | Women (n = 3396) | |||||||
| Model 1b | Model 2c | Model 1b | Model 2c | Model 1b | Model 2c | Model 1b | Model 2c | Model 1b | Model 2c | Model 1b | Model 2c | |
| Western dietary pattern | ||||||||||||
| Q2 | 1.09 (0.96, 1.25) | 1.10 (0.96, 1.26) | 1.23 (0.99, 1.53) | 1.36 (1.09, 1.69)*** | 1.03 (0.91, 1.17) | 1.09 (0.95, 1.24) | 1.11 (0.91, 1.35) | 1.26 (1.03, 1.54)* | 1.01 (0.90, 1.13) | 1.06 (0.94, 1.19) | 1.08 (0.88, 1.32) | 1.23 (1.00, 1.51) |
| Q3 | 1.24 (1.09, 1.41) | 1.26 (1.10, 1.43)*** | 1.53 (1.22, 1.92)*** | 1.77 (1.40, 2.24)*** | 1.07 (0.94, 1.21) | 1.19 (1.05, 1.36)** | 1.27 (1.03, 1.56) | 1.54 (1.24, 1.91)*** | 1.06 (0.95, 1.18) | 1.17 (1.04, 1.31)*** | 1.29 (1.04, 1.61)** | 1.56 (1.25, 2.95)*** |
| Q4 | 1.48 (1.30, 1.68)*** | 1.50 (1.31, 1.71)*** | 1.63 (1.27, 2.08)*** | 2.04 (1.58, 2.64)*** | 1.12 (0.99, 1.26) | 1.34 (1.18, 1.53)*** | 1.08 (0.86, 1.37) | 1.48 (1.16, 1.90)*** | 1.16 (1.04, 1.29)** | 1.35 (1.20, 1.52)*** | 1.25 (0.98, 1.58) | 1.69 (1.32, 2.17)*** |
| P-trend | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.053 | 0.000 | 0.167 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.015 | 0.000 |
| Prudent dietary pattern | ||||||||||||
| Q2 | 0.94 (0.83, 1.06) | 0.97 (0.86, 1.09) | 1.14 (0.90, 1.45) | 1.16 (0.91, 1.48) | 0.89 (0.79, 1.00)* | 0.89 (0.79, 1.00) | 0.94 (0.75, 1.17) | 0.94 (0.75, 1.18) | 0.95 (0.85, 1.06) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.05) | 1.02 (0.81, 1.28) | 1.03 (0.82, 1.30) |
| Q3 | 0.80 (0.71, 0.90)*** | 0.84 (0.74, 0.95)** | 1.05 (0.83, 1.33) | 1.08 (0.85, 1.38) | 0.79 (0.70, 0.89)*** | 0.77 (0.68, 0.87)*** | 0.90 (0.72, 1.12) | 0.90 (0.71, 1.13) | 0.84 (0.76, 0.94)*** | 0.82 (0.73, 0.91)*** | 0.89 (0.71. 1.12) | 0.91 (0.72, 1.16) |
| Q4 | 0.79 (0.70, 0.89)*** | 0.84 (0.74, 0.95)*** | 0.91 (0.72, 1.15) | 0.93 (0.73, 1.19) | 0.79 (0.70, 0.89)*** | 0.77 (0.70, 0.87)*** | 0.99 (0.80, 1.22) | 0.98 (0.78, 1.23) | 0.84 (0.76, 0.94)** | 0.81 (0.73, 0.91)** | 0.94 (0.75, 1.17) | 0.95 (0.76, 1.20) |
| P-trend | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.305 | 0.441 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.834 | 0.801 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.336 | 0.476 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | ||||||||||||
| High | 0.59 (0.54, 0.65)*** | 0.58 (0.53, 0.64)*** | 0.51 (0.41, 0.65)*** | 0.48 (0.38, 0.60)*** | 0.66 (0.60, 0.72)*** | 0.61 (0.55, 0.67)*** | 0.64 (0.51, 0.79)*** | 0.54 (0.43, 0.67)*** | 0.59 (0.54, 0.65)*** | 0.56 (0.51, 0.61)*** | 0.59 (0.47, 0.74)*** | 0.52 (0.41, 0.66)*** |
| P-trend | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | ||||||||||||
| High | 0.79 (0.73, 0.86)*** | 0.80 (0.74, 0.88)*** | 1.01 (0.86, 1.20) | 0.96 (0.81, 1.14) | 0.85 (0.78, 0.93)*** | 0.84 (0.77, 0.92)*** | 1.09 (0.94, 1.28) | 1.01 (0.87, 1.19) | 0.90 (0.84, 0.97)** | 0.89 (0.83, 0.96)** | 1.16 (0.99, 1.36) | 1.09 (0.92, 1.28) |
| P-trend | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.881 | 0.647 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.253 | 0.874 | 0.007 | 0.004 | 0.069 | 0.313 |
| TC (mmol/L) | ||||||||||||
| High | 0.79 (0.72, 0.87)*** | 0.79 (0.72, 0.87)*** | 0.54 (0.45, 0.65)*** | 0.53 (0.44, 0.64)*** | 0.86 (0.79, 0.94)** | 0.84 (0.77, 0.93)*** | 0.59 (0.50, 0.71)*** | 0.57 (0.47, 0.68)*** | 0.86 (0.79, 0.93)*** | 0.84 (0.77, 0.92)*** | 0.61 (0.51, 0.73)*** | 0.59 (0.49, 0.71)*** |
| P-trend | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| TG (mmol/L) | ||||||||||||
| High | 2.31 (2.10, 2.53)*** | 2.22 (2.02, 2.43)*** | 3.81 (3.20, 4.53)*** | 3.75 (3.15, 4.47)*** | 2.30 (2.10, 2.52)*** | 2.18 (1.98, 2.39)*** | 3.13 (2.66, 3.68)*** | 3.08 (2.61, 3.63)*** | 2.27 (2.10, 2.46)*** | 2.21 (2.04, 2.39)*** | 3.57 (3.02, 4.22)*** | 3.51 (2.97, 4.16)*** |
| P-trend | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | ||||||||||||
| High | 3.06 (2.54, 3.69)*** | 2.91 (2.41, 3.52)*** | 5.20 (3.73, 7.25)*** | 4.66 (3.33, 6.52)*** | 3.36 (2.79, 4.06)*** | 2.77 (2.28, 3.36)*** | 8.05 (5.60, 11.56)*** | 7.11 (4.92, 10.27)*** | 2.91 (2.37, 3.56)*** | 2.53 (2.06, 3.11)*** | 5.57 (3.97, 7.80)*** | 4.82 (3.42, 6.79)*** |
| P-trend | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
WC waist circumference, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, WHtR waist-to-height ratio, HDL-C high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, FPG fasting plasma glucose
aCentral obesity was defined as high WC (≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women), high WHR (≥ 0.9 for men and ≥ 0.8 for women), or high WHtR (≥ 0.5). The variables were defined as the following: HDL-C low < 1.04 mmol/L and high ≥1.04 mmol/L, LDL-C low < 3.4 mmol/L and high ≥3.4 mmol/L, TC low < 5.2 mmol/L and high ≥5.2 mmol/L, TG low < 1.7 mmol/L and high ≥1.7 mmol/L, and FPG low < 7.0 mmol/L and high ≥7.0 mmol/L. The lowest quartile (Q1) of the dietary pattern or low values of the variables were the reference group (not shown)
bModel 1 crude model
c\Model 2 adjusted for age, marital status, education, current smoking, current drinking, and physical activity
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001