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. 2019 Nov 15;14:372. doi: 10.1186/s13018-019-1424-2

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Representative radiographs and combined fusion for all patients. a 69-year-old male, former smoker with a body mass index of 26 presented with back pain and left lower extremity radicular pain. Conservative treatment included physical therapy, stretching, epidural spinal injections, and NSAIDs. b Seven months after L4-S1 decompression and fusion were performed, the patient was fused (Lenke A). c Combined fusion graph (Lenke A + Lenke B) shows that 148 of 150 patients (98.7%) were considered fused: 119 patients Lenke A and 29 Lenke B