Table 4.
Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality during follow up according to the presence and type of diabetes mellitus in subgroups
| n | Age groups | Sex | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age < 65 years | Age ≥ 65 years | Men | |||||||
| Without diabetes | T2D | T1D | Without diabetes | T2D | T1D | Without diabetes | T2D | T1D | |
| 16,432,505 | 1,336,352 | 6444 | 2,067,646 | 577,151 | 2953 | 9,435,968 | 1,125,851 | 5348 | |
| Myocardial infarction | |||||||||
| Events (n) | 45,760 | 15,003 | 127 | 37,952 | 17,663 | 144 | 49,094 | 19,398 | 161 |
| Follow-up durationa | 74,096,761.66 | 6,371,484.62 | 30,193.35 | 10,061,079.61 | 2,822,286.48 | 14,113.17 | 43,604,234.55 | 5,351,613.56 | 24,915.64 |
| IRb | 61.760 | 235.470 | 420.620 | 377.220 | 625.840 | 1020.320 | 112.590 | 362.470 | 646.181 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.384 (1.349–1.419) | 2.549 (2.138–3.038) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.462 (1.430–1.495) | 2.418 (2.051–2.850) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.362 (1.333–1.393) | 2.307 (1.975–2.696) |
| Hospitalization for HF | |||||||||
| Events (n) | 33,468 | 12,533 | 158 | 55,705 | 23,915 | 218 | 45,079 | 19,112 | 207 |
| Follow-up durationa | 74,137,669.23 | 6,382,665.72 | 30,199.82 | 10,050,780.96 | 2,820,411.82 | 14,038.75 | 43,638,053.44 | 5,362,891.91 | 24,894.04 |
| IRb | 45.140 | 196.360 | 523.180 | 554.240 | 847.930 | 1552.840 | 103.302 | 356.375 | 831.524 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.533 (1.490–1.577) | 4.015 (3.427–4.704) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.397 (1.371–1.424) | 2.722 (2.382–3.112) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.419 (1.388–1.451) | 3.079 (2.683–3.533) |
| Atrial fibrillation | |||||||||
| Events (n) | 50,060 | 11,523 | 89 | 55,502 | 18,220 | 138 | 59,913 | 17,762 | 133 |
| Follow-up durationa | 74,095,720.84 | 6,381,466.71 | 30,291.22 | 10,032,075.49 | 2,823,462.67 | 14,134.49 | 43,594,810.10 | 5,358,747.06 | 24,969.15 |
| IRb | 67.561 | 180.570 | 293.815 | 553.245 | 645.307 | 976.335 | 137.431 | 331.458 | 532.657 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.109 (1.079–1.141) | 1.928 (1.565–2.374) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.072 (1.050–1.095) | 1.668 (1.410–1.973) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.087 (1.064–1.111) | 1.688 (1.423–2.003) |
| All-cause mortality | |||||||||
| Events (n) | 96,885 | 30,131 | 300 | 152,737 | 63,887 | 576 | 161,569 | 62,460 | 581 |
| Follow-up durationa | 74,189,668.59 | 6,403,591.13 | 30,439.67 | 10,137,129.57 | 2,858,007.68 | 14,349.12 | 43,703,573.26 | 5,391,593.98 | 25,187.91 |
| IRb | 130.590 | 470.530 | 985.560 | 1506.710 | 2235.370 | 4014.180 | 369.690 | 1158.470 | 2306.660 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.653 (1.623–1.683) | 3.328 (2.969–3.731) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.491 (1.474–1.509) | 2.833 (2.609–3.076) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.514 (1.496–1.532) | 2.790 (2.571–3.029) |
| n | Sex | Presence of chronic kidney disease | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | No | Yes | |||||||
| Without diabetes | T2D | T1D | Without diabetes | T2D | T1D | Without diabetes | T2D | T1D | |
| 9,064,183 | 787,652 | 4049 | 17,617,783 | 1,700,766 | 7652 | 882,368 | 212,737 | 1745 | |
| Myocardial infarction | |||||||||
| Events (n) | 34,618 | 13,268 | 110 | 73,275 | 25,485 | 175 | 10,437 | 7181 | 96 |
| Follow-up durationa | 40,553,606.72 | 3,842,157.55 | 19,390.88 | 79,549,644.55 | 8,151,279.45 | 36,173.82 | 4,608,196.72 | 1,042,491.65 | 8132.69 |
| IRb | 85.364 | 345.327 | 567.277 | 92.110 | 312.650 | 483.780 | 226.490 | 688.830 | 1180.420 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.497 (1.458–1.536) | 2.576 (2.133–3.111) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.350 (1.325–1.376) | 2.127 (1.832–2.470) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.649 (1.590–1.711) | 2.938 (2.399–3.599) |
| Hospitalization for HF | |||||||||
| Events (n) | 44,094 | 17,336 | 169 | 73,630 | 26,005 | 227 | 15,543 | 10,443 | 149 |
| Follow-up durationa | 40,550,396.75 | 3,840,185.63 | 19,344.54 | 79,583,758.88 | 8,163,014.47 | 36,164.03 | 4,604,691.30 | 1,040,063.07 | 8074.54 |
| IRb | 108.739 | 451.437 | 873.632 | 92.520 | 318.570 | 627.700 | 337.550 | 1004.070 | 1845.310 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.415 (1.383–1.447) | 2.962 (2.543–3.451) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.320 (1.296–1.345) | 2.654 (2.327–3.027) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.603 (1.555–1.651) | 3.225 (2.740–3.796) |
| Atrial fibrillation | |||||||||
| Events (n) | 45,649 | 11,981 | 94 | 91,616 | 23,224 | 147 | 13,946 | 6519 | 80 |
| Follow-up durationa | 40,532,986.22 | 3,846,182.32 | 19,456.56 | 79,525,314.43 | 8,159,959.21 | 36,253.65 | 4,602,481.89 | 1,044,970.17 | 8172.06 |
| IRb | 112.622 | 311.504 | 483.127 | 115.204 | 284.609 | 405.476 | 303.010 | 623.846 | 978.946 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.080 (1.052–1.108) | 1.834 (1.496–2.247) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.053 (1.033–1.073) | 1.592 (1.353–1.873) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.168 (1.126–1.210) | 1.955 (1.566–2.440) |
| All-cause mortality | |||||||||
| Events (n) | 88,053 | 31,558 | 295 | 212,747 | 71,494 | 573 | 36,875 | 22,524 | 303 |
| Follow-up durationa | 40,623,224.90 | 3,870,004.83 | 19,600.87 | 79,697,361.81 | 8,204,635.79 | 36,493.65 | 4,629,436.35 | 1,056,963.02 | 8295.14 |
| IRb | 216.760 | 815.450 | 1505.040 | 266.940 | 871.390 | 1570.140 | 796.530 | 2131.010 | 3652.740 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.505 (1.480–1.530) | 3.051 (2.718–3.424) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.463 (1.447–1.479) | 2.642 (2.433–2.870) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.588 (1.556–1.620) | 3.006 (2.681–3.369) |
Adjusted for age, sex, smoking history, alcohol history, regular exercise, monthly income, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and fasting plasma glucose. Statistically significant values among the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were given in italic
T2D type 2 diabetes, T1D type 1 diabetes IR incidence rate, HR hazard ratio, HF heart failure
aIn person-years
bPer 100,000 person-years