. 2019 Nov 15;20:546. doi: 10.1186/s12891-019-2930-4

Table 2.

Shoulder motion monitoring for application in patients with neurological disorders

Reference, Year, Type of publication	Sensors, Brand	Placement and wearability	Target shoulder parameters, Performance	Gold standard	Task executed	Participants	Aim
Bartalesi 2005, [8] Conference	Strain sensor, WACKER Ltd. (ELASTOSIL LR 3162 A/B)	Unilateral: Sensors’ segment series along right upper limb Shirt	Sh ROM	–	–	HS	Wearable garment able to reconstruct shoulder, wrist and elbow movement to correct stroke patients’ rehabilitation exercises
Hester 2006, [42] Conference	Acc (n = 6)	Unilateral: thumb, index, back of the hand, FA and UA (medially), thorax Adhesive	Sh ROM	–	Reaching, prehension, manipulation	SP (n = 12)	Predict clinical scores of stroke patients’ motor abilities
Zhou 2006, [43] Full-Text	IMU (n = 2), Xsens MT9B	Unilateral: Wrist (inwards), elbow (outwards) -	Sh orientation and position	–	FA FLX-EXT FA PR-SU, reach test	HS (n = 1, M)	Propose a data fusion algorithm to locate the shoulder joint without drift
Willmann 2007, [44] Conference	M-IMU (n = 4), Philips	Unilateral: Torso, shoulder, UA, FA Garment	Sh ROM	–	–	HS	Provide a home system for upper limb rehabilitation in stroke patients
Zhou 2008, [45] Full-Text	M-IMU (n = 2), Xsens MT9B	Unilateral: FA (distally, near the wrist center), UA (laterally, on the line between the lateral epicondyle and the acromion process) Velcro straps	Sh orientation and position, RMSE = 2.5°-4.8°	CODA	reaching shrugging FA rotation	HS (n = 4, M) 20–40 Y	Validate data fusion algorithm
Giorgino 2009, [46] Full-Text	Strain sensor (n = 19), WACKER Ltd. (ELASTOSIL LR 3162 A/B)	Unilateral: Sensors’ sensing segments distributed over the UA, FA, shoulder, elbow, wrist Shirt	Sh ROM	–	GH FLX (sagittal plane) Lateral AB ER	HS (n = 1)	Describe a sensing garment for posture recognition in neurological rehabilitation
Lee 2010, [47] Full-Text	Acc (n = 2), Freescale MMA7261 QT	Unilateral: UA, FA Velcro strap	Sh ROM, Mean error~0°-3.5°	gon	FLX-EXT (sagittal plane)	HS (n = 1)	Validate performance and accuracy of the system
Chee Kian 2010, [48] Conference	OLE (n = 1) Acc (n = 1)	Unilateral: UA, elbow Adhesive patch	Sh ROM	IGS-190	Cyclic movements with arm exerciser	HS (n = 1)	Validate feasibility and performance (accuracy, repeatability) of the proposed sensing system designed to assist stroke patients in upper limb home rehabilitation
Patel 2010, [49] Full-Text	Acc (n = 6)	Unilateral: thumb, index, back of the hand, FA, UA, trunk -	Sh ROM	–	8 activities of FAS	SP (n = 24) 57.5 ± 11.8 Y	Evaluate accuracy of FAS score obtained via analysis of the accelerometers data comparing such estimates with scores provided by an expert clinician using this scale
Pérez 2010, [15] Full-Text	M-IMU (n = 4), Xsens MTi	Unilateral: UA (18 cm from acromion), FA (25 cm from epicondyle), hand (5.5 cm from distal radio-cubital joint), back (position is not relevant) Strap	Sh ROM, r = 0.997 (for sh IR, after calibration)	BTS SMART-D	Sh FLX-EXT Sh horizontal AB-AD Sh IR Elb FLX Elb PR-SU Wri FLX-EXT Serving water from a jar	HS (n = 1, F)	Validate the system
Bento 2011, [50] Conference	M-IMU (n = 4)	Bilateral: Shoulder, UA, wrist (affected and unaffected side) Strap	Sh orientation and position	–	FA to Table FA to box Extend elbow Hand to table Hand to box	SP (n = 5, M) 35–73 Y	Preliminary validation of a system able to quantify upper limb motor function in patients after neurological trauma
Nguyen 2011, [51] Full-Text	OLE (n = 3) Acc (n = 3)	Unilateral: Shoulder, elbow, wrist Clothing module fixed with Velcro straps	Sh ROM, Test2: RMSE = 3.8° (gon), RMSE = 3.1° (SW) Test3: ICC = 0.975 (sh)	Test2: gon, Shape- Wrap	Test2: Bend and Flex elbow Test3: reaching task	Test2: HS (n = 3, M); Test3: HS (n = 5)	Validation of the proposed motion capture system
Ding 2013, [52] Full-Text	M-IMU (n = 2), Analog Device (acc: ADXL320), HoneyWell (magn: HMC1 053), Silicon Sensing System (gyr)	Unilateral: UA (distal, near elbow), FA (distal, near wrist) Velcro strap	Sh ROM	–	Replication of 10 reference arm posture	HS (n = 5) 20–27 Y	Check the feasibility of the proposed system which measures orientation and corrects upper limb posture using vibrotactile actuators
Lee 2014, [53] Full-Text	M-IMU (n = 7), Analog Device (acc:ADXL 345) InvenSense (gyr: ITG3200) Honeywell (magn: HMC5883L)	Bilateral: Back, UA, FA and hand Strap	Sh ROM, Test1: r = 0.963 Test2: RMSE< 5°	Test1: gon Test2: VICON	Sh FLX-EXT Sh AB Arm IER Elb FLX FA PR-SU Wri FLX-EXT Wri radial-ulnar deviation	SP (n = 5) 2 M, 3 F Mean age: 68 Y	Introduce a smartphone centric wireless wearable system able to automate joint ROM measurements and detect the type of activities in stroke patients
Bai 2015, [54] Full-Text	M-IMU (n = 4 or n = 1), Xsens MTx	Unilateral Scapula, UA, FA, back of the hand or only on UA Velfoam, Velcro straps	Sh ROM (upper limb segments orientation and position)	Test1: gon Test2: gon, VICON	Sh FLX-EXT Sh IER Sh AB-AD Elb FLX-EXT FA PR-SU Wri FLX-EXT Wri radial-ulnar deviation	HS (n = 10) 8 M, 2 F 20–38 Y P (n = 1), F 41 Y	Evaluate a four-sensor system and a one-sensor system, investigate whether these systems are able to obtain quantitative motion information from patients’ assessment during neurorehabilitation
Ertzgaard 2016, [55] Full-Text	IMU (n = 5), Analog Device, Adis 16,350	Bilateral: Back (upper body), UA and FA Strap	Sh ROM (HT joint angles), ICC = 0.768–0.985	Coda	Movements that mimic activities of daily life	HS (n = 10) 2 M, 8 F 34.3 ± 13.1Y SP (n = 1), F, 43 Y	Validation study to characterize elbow and shoulder motion during functional task using a modified Exposure Variation Analysis (EVA)
Lorussi 2016, [56] Full-Text	M-IMU (n = 2), Xsens MTw Strain sensor (n = 1), Smartex	Unilateral: M-IMU sensors on sternum and UA Textile-based strain sensor on the back (from the spine to scapula) Shirt	Sh ROM (HT joint angle and scapular translation)	BTS SMART-DX	UA FLX (sagittal plane) UA AB (frontal plane)	HS (n = 5)	Validate sensors and data fusion algorithm to reconstruct scapular-humeral rhythm
Mazamenos 2016, [57] Full-Text	M-IMU (n = 2), Shimmer2r	Unilateral: UA (distal, near elbow), FA (distal, near wrist) Straps	Sh ROM (segments’ orientation and position)	–	EXP1: Reach and retrieve, lift object to mouth, rotate an object EXP2: preparing a cup of tea	HS (n = 18) M, F 25–50 Y SP (n = 4) M, F 45–73 Y	Evaluate the performance and robustness of a detection and discrimination algorithm of arm movements
Jiang 2017, [58] Conference	Acc (n = 4), Analog Device ADXL362 EMG (n = 4), Analog Device AD8232 Temperature (n = 1)	Unilateral: along upper limb Shirt	Sh ROM	–	4 typical joint actions performed in clinical assessment	HS (n = 1), M	Introduce an IoT-Bases upper limb rehabilitation assessment system for stroke patients
Li 2017, [59] Full-Text	IMU (n = 2), InvenSense, MPU-9250 EMG (n = 10), American Imex, Dermatrode	Unilateral: IMU: UA, wrist EMG: FA (n = 8), UA (n = 2) Stretchable belt	Sh ROM	–	11 tasks including: Sh FLX, Sh AB Wri FLX-EXT, Fetch and hold a ball or a cylindric roll, finger to nose, touch the back of the sh, FA PR-SU	HS (n = 16) 10 M, 6 F 36.25 ± 15.19Y SP (n = 18) 11 M, 7 F 55.28 ± 12.25 Y	Propose data fusion from IMU and surface EMG for quantitative motor function evaluation in stroke subjects
Newman 2017, [60] Full-Text	IMU (n = 3), Gait Up SA Physilog4	Bilateral: sternum, UA (posterior) Velcro straps, adhesive patch	Sh ROM (HT joint angles)	–	Reaching movements (lateral, forward, upward)	Children (n = 30) 10.6 ± 3.4 Y 17 boys, 13 girls	Test an IMU-based system to measure upper limb function in children with hemiparesis and its correlation with clinical scores
Yang e Tan 2017, [61] Conference	M-IMU (n = 4), APDM Opal	Unilateral: Waist, thorax, UA (distal, near elbow), FA (distal, near elbow) Straps	Sh ROM (HT joint angles)	Optitrack	Movements related with waist joint, sh joint and elb joints to achieve joint rotation	HS (n = 2)	Validate the proposed motion tracking system
Daunoraviciene 2018, [62] Full-Text	M-IMU (n = 6), Shimmer	Bilateral: UA, FA, hand (on centres of mass) Strap	Sh ROM	–	FNT test (Sh EXT, sh AB, elb FLX, hand SU)	CG (n = 24) 7 M 31.14 ± 5.67 17 F 28 ± 3.97 MS-P (n = 34) 13 M 36.46 ± 13.07 21 F 42.19 ± 12.55	Test a M-IMU based system to identify quantitative parameters for evaluation of UL disability and relate it to clinical scores
Jung 2018, [63] Conference	M-IMU (n = 5), Xsens MTw Awinda	Bilateral: UA and FA, trunk Velcro straps	Sh ROM (HT join angles), RMSE = 0.32 for the estimation of movements qualities using data of the entire duration of movements	Quality of movements’ label provided by the therapist	Reaching exercise	SP (n = 5), F 66.6 ± 15.9 Y	Evaluate movements quality regarding compensation and inter-joint coordination; exploiting a supervised machine learning approach, validate the hypothesis that therapists’ evaluation can be made considering only the beginning movement data
Lin 2018, [64] Full-Text	IMU (n = 2)	Unilateral: UA (distal, near elbow), FA (dorsal aspect of the wrist) Strap	Sh ROM	–	Sh FLX-EXT Sh AB Sh ER Elb FLX FA PR-SU	SP (n = 18): n = 9, control group (62.6 ± 7.1) n = 9, device group (52.2 ± 10.2 Y)	Evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of an IMU-based system for upper limb rehabilitation in stroke patients and compare the intervention effects with those in a control group
Repnik 2018, [7] Full-Text	M-IMU (n = 7), Myo armband, n = 2_ with n = 8 EMGs built-in, Thalamic labs	Bilateral: -M-IMU: Back of the hand, wrist, UA (distal, near elbow), sternum -MYO: FA (in the proximity of elbow joint) Straps, armband	Sh ROM (HT joint angles)	–	ARAT tasks: 19 movements divided in 4 subtests (grasp, grip, pinch, gross arm movement)	SP (n = 28) 18 M, 10 F 57 ± 9.1 Y HS (n = 12) 9 M, 3 F 36 ± 8 Y	Quantify UL and trunk movement in stroke patients

Reference, Year, Type of publication

Sensors, Brand

Placement and wearability

Target shoulder parameters, Performance

Gold standard

Task executed

Participants

Aim

Bartalesi 2005, [8]

Conference

Strain sensor, WACKER Ltd.

(ELASTOSIL LR 3162 A/B)

Unilateral:

Sensors’ segment series along right upper limb

Shirt

Sh ROM

–

Wearable garment able to reconstruct shoulder, wrist and elbow movement to correct stroke patients’ rehabilitation exercises

Hester 2006, [42]

Conference

Acc (n = 6)

Unilateral:

thumb, index, back of the hand, FA and UA (medially), thorax

Adhesive

Sh ROM

–

Reaching, prehension, manipulation

SP (n = 12)

Predict clinical scores of stroke patients’ motor abilities

Zhou 2006, [43]

Full-Text

IMU (n = 2),

Xsens MT9B

Unilateral:

Wrist (inwards), elbow (outwards)

Sh orientation and position

–

FA FLX-EXT

FA PR-SU, reach test

HS (n = 1, M)

Propose a data fusion algorithm to locate the shoulder joint without drift

Willmann 2007, [44]

Conference

M-IMU (n = 4),

Philips

Unilateral:

Torso, shoulder, UA, FA

Garment

Sh ROM

–

Provide a home system for upper limb rehabilitation in stroke patients

Zhou 2008, [45]

Full-Text

M-IMU (n = 2),

Xsens MT9B

Unilateral:

FA (distally, near the wrist center), UA (laterally, on the line between the lateral epicondyle and the acromion process)

Velcro straps

Sh orientation and position,

RMSE = 2.5°-4.8°

CODA

reaching

shrugging

FA rotation

HS (n = 4, M)

20–40 Y

Validate data fusion algorithm

Giorgino 2009, [46]

Full-Text

Strain sensor (n = 19),

WACKER Ltd.

(ELASTOSIL LR 3162 A/B)

Unilateral:

Sensors’ sensing segments distributed over the UA, FA, shoulder, elbow, wrist

Shirt

Sh ROM

–

GH FLX (sagittal plane)

Lateral AB

HS (n = 1)

Describe a sensing garment for posture recognition in neurological rehabilitation

Lee 2010, [47]

Full-Text

Acc (n = 2),

Freescale MMA7261 QT

Unilateral:

UA, FA

Velcro strap

Sh ROM,

Mean error~0°-3.5°

gon

FLX-EXT (sagittal plane)

HS (n = 1)

Validate performance and accuracy of the system

Chee Kian 2010, [48]

Conference

OLE (n = 1)

Acc (n = 1)

Unilateral:

UA, elbow

Adhesive patch

Sh ROM

IGS-190

Cyclic movements with arm exerciser

HS (n = 1)

Validate feasibility and performance (accuracy, repeatability) of the proposed sensing system designed to assist stroke patients in upper limb home rehabilitation

Patel 2010, [49]

Full-Text

Acc (n = 6)

Unilateral:

thumb, index, back of the hand, FA, UA, trunk

Sh ROM

–

8 activities of FAS

SP (n = 24)

57.5 ± 11.8 Y

Evaluate accuracy of FAS score obtained via analysis of the accelerometers data comparing such estimates with scores provided by an expert clinician using this scale

Pérez 2010, [15]

Full-Text

M-IMU (n = 4),

Xsens MTi

Unilateral:

UA (18 cm from acromion), FA (25 cm from epicondyle), hand (5.5 cm from distal radio-cubital joint), back (position is not relevant)

Strap

Sh ROM,

r = 0.997 (for sh IR, after calibration)

BTS SMART-D

Sh FLX-EXT

Sh horizontal AB-AD

Sh IR

Elb FLX

Elb PR-SU

Wri FLX-EXT

Serving water from a jar

HS (n = 1, F)

Validate the system

Bento 2011, [50]

Conference

M-IMU (n = 4)

Bilateral:

Shoulder, UA, wrist (affected and unaffected side)

Strap

Sh orientation and position

–

FA to Table

FA to box

Extend elbow

Hand to table

Hand to box

SP (n = 5, M)

35–73 Y

Preliminary validation of a system able to quantify upper limb motor function in patients after neurological trauma

Nguyen 2011, [51]

Full-Text

OLE (n = 3)

Acc (n = 3)

Unilateral:

Shoulder, elbow, wrist

Clothing module fixed with Velcro straps

Sh ROM,

Test2: RMSE = 3.8° (gon), RMSE = 3.1° (SW)

Test3: ICC = 0.975 (sh)

Test2: gon, Shape-

Wrap

Test2: Bend and

Flex elbow

Test3: reaching task

Test2:

HS (n = 3, M);

Test3:

HS (n = 5)

Validation of the proposed motion capture system

Ding 2013, [52]

Full-Text

M-IMU (n = 2),

Analog Device (acc: ADXL320), HoneyWell (magn: HMC1 053), Silicon Sensing System (gyr)

Unilateral:

UA (distal, near elbow), FA (distal, near wrist)

Velcro strap

Sh ROM

–

Replication of 10 reference arm posture

HS (n = 5)

20–27 Y

Check the feasibility of the proposed system which measures orientation and corrects upper limb posture using vibrotactile actuators

Lee 2014, [53]

Full-Text

M-IMU (n = 7),

Analog Device (acc:ADXL 345)

InvenSense

(gyr: ITG3200)

Honeywell

(magn: HMC5883L)

Bilateral:

Back, UA, FA and hand

Strap

Sh ROM,

Test1: r = 0.963

Test2: RMSE< 5°

Test1:

gon

Test2: VICON

Sh FLX-EXT

Sh AB

Arm IER

Elb FLX

FA PR-SU

Wri FLX-EXT

Wri radial-ulnar deviation

SP (n = 5)

2 M, 3 F

Mean age: 68 Y

Introduce a smartphone centric wireless wearable system able to automate joint ROM measurements and detect the type of activities in stroke patients

Bai 2015, [54]

Full-Text

M-IMU (n = 4 or n = 1),

Xsens MTx

Unilateral

Scapula, UA, FA, back of the hand or only on UA

Velfoam, Velcro straps

Sh ROM

(upper limb segments orientation and position)

Test1:

gon

Test2:

gon, VICON

Sh FLX-EXT

Sh IER

Sh AB-AD

Elb FLX-EXT

FA PR-SU

Wri FLX-EXT

Wri radial-ulnar deviation

HS (n = 10)

8 M, 2 F

20–38 Y

P (n = 1), F

41 Y

Evaluate a four-sensor system and a one-sensor system, investigate whether these systems are able to obtain quantitative motion information from patients’ assessment during neurorehabilitation

Ertzgaard 2016, [55]

Full-Text

IMU (n = 5),

Analog Device, Adis 16,350

Bilateral:

Back (upper body), UA and FA

Strap

Sh ROM

(HT joint angles),

ICC = 0.768–0.985

Coda

Movements that mimic activities of daily life

HS (n = 10)

2 M, 8 F

34.3 ± 13.1Y

SP (n = 1), F, 43 Y

Validation study to characterize elbow and shoulder motion during functional task using a modified Exposure Variation Analysis (EVA)

Lorussi 2016, [56]

Full-Text

M-IMU (n = 2),

Xsens MTw

Strain sensor (n = 1),

Smartex

Unilateral:

M-IMU sensors on sternum and UA

Textile-based strain sensor on the back (from the spine to scapula)

Shirt

Sh ROM

(HT joint angle and scapular translation)

BTS SMART-DX

UA FLX (sagittal plane)

UA AB (frontal plane)

HS (n = 5)

Validate sensors and data fusion algorithm to reconstruct scapular-humeral rhythm

Mazamenos 2016, [57]

Full-Text

M-IMU (n = 2),

Shimmer2r

Unilateral:

UA (distal, near elbow), FA (distal, near wrist)

Straps

Sh ROM (segments’ orientation and position)

–

EXP1: Reach and retrieve, lift object to mouth, rotate an object

EXP2: preparing a cup of tea

HS (n = 18)

M, F

25–50 Y

SP (n = 4)

M, F

45–73 Y

Evaluate the performance and robustness of a detection and discrimination algorithm of arm movements

Jiang 2017, [58]

Conference

Acc (n = 4), Analog Device ADXL362

EMG (n = 4), Analog Device AD8232

Temperature (n = 1)

Unilateral:

along upper limb

Shirt

Sh ROM

–

4 typical joint actions performed in clinical assessment

HS (n = 1), M

Introduce an IoT-Bases upper limb rehabilitation assessment system for stroke patients

Li 2017, [59]

Full-Text

IMU (n = 2), InvenSense, MPU-9250

EMG (n = 10), American Imex, Dermatrode

Unilateral:

IMU: UA, wrist

EMG: FA (n = 8), UA (n = 2)

Stretchable belt

Sh ROM

–

11 tasks including:

Sh FLX, Sh AB

Wri FLX-EXT,

Fetch and hold a ball or a cylindric roll, finger to nose, touch the back of the sh, FA PR-SU

HS (n = 16)

10 M, 6 F

36.25 ± 15.19Y

SP (n = 18)

11 M, 7 F

55.28 ± 12.25 Y

Propose data fusion from IMU and surface EMG for quantitative motor function evaluation in stroke subjects

Newman 2017, [60]

Full-Text

IMU (n = 3), Gait Up SA Physilog4

Bilateral:

sternum, UA (posterior)

Velcro straps, adhesive patch

Sh ROM

(HT joint angles)

–

Reaching movements (lateral, forward, upward)

Children (n = 30)

10.6 ± 3.4 Y

17 boys, 13 girls

Test an IMU-based system to measure upper limb function in children with hemiparesis and its correlation with clinical scores

Yang e Tan 2017, [61]

Conference

M-IMU (n = 4), APDM Opal

Unilateral:

Waist, thorax, UA (distal, near elbow), FA (distal, near elbow)

Straps

Sh ROM

(HT joint angles)

Optitrack

Movements related with waist joint, sh joint and elb joints to achieve joint rotation

HS (n = 2)

Validate the proposed motion tracking system

Daunoraviciene 2018, [62]

Full-Text

M-IMU (n = 6), Shimmer

Bilateral:

UA, FA, hand (on centres of mass)

Strap

Sh ROM

–

FNT test (Sh EXT, sh AB, elb FLX, hand SU)

CG (n = 24)

7 M 31.14 ± 5.67

17 F

28 ± 3.97

MS-P (n = 34)

13 M

36.46 ± 13.07

21 F

42.19 ± 12.55

Test a M-IMU based system to identify quantitative parameters for evaluation of UL disability and relate it to clinical scores

Jung 2018, [63]

Conference

M-IMU (n = 5), Xsens MTw Awinda

Bilateral:

UA and FA, trunk

Velcro straps

Sh ROM

(HT join angles), RMSE = 0.32 for the estimation of movements qualities using data of the entire duration of movements

Quality of movements’ label provided by the therapist

Reaching exercise

SP (n = 5), F

66.6 ± 15.9 Y

Evaluate movements quality regarding compensation and inter-joint coordination; exploiting a supervised machine learning approach, validate the hypothesis that therapists’ evaluation can be made considering only the beginning movement data

Lin 2018, [64]

Full-Text

IMU (n = 2)

Unilateral:

UA (distal, near elbow), FA (dorsal aspect of the wrist)

Strap

Sh ROM

–

Sh FLX-EXT

Sh AB

Sh ER

Elb FLX

FA PR-SU

SP (n = 18):

n = 9, control group (62.6 ± 7.1)

n = 9, device group (52.2 ± 10.2 Y)

Evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of an IMU-based system for upper limb rehabilitation in stroke patients and compare the intervention effects with those in a control group

Repnik 2018, [7]

Full-Text

M-IMU (n = 7),

Myo armband, n = 2_ with n = 8 EMGs built-in, Thalamic labs

Bilateral:

-M-IMU: Back of the hand, wrist, UA (distal, near elbow), sternum

-MYO: FA (in the proximity of elbow joint)

Straps, armband

Sh ROM

(HT joint angles)

–

ARAT tasks: 19 movements divided in 4 subtests (grasp, grip, pinch, gross arm movement)

SP (n = 28)

18 M, 10 F

57 ± 9.1 Y

HS (n = 12)

9 M, 3 F

36 ± 8 Y

Quantify UL and trunk movement in stroke patients

acc accelerometer, gyr gyroscope, magn magnetometer, OLE Optical Linear Encoder, IMU Inertial Measurement Unit, M-IMU Magneto and Inertial Measurement Unit, UA Upper Arm, FA Forearm, ROM Range of motion, HT humerothoracic, GH glenohumeral, Sh shoulder, wri wrist, elb elbow, FLX-EXT flexion-extension, PR-SU pronation-supination, AB-AD abduction-adduction, IER internal-external rotation, RMSE root mean square error, r = correlation, ICC Intraclass Correlation Coefficients, gon goniometer, HS Healthy subject, CG control group, SP Stroke Patient, MS-P Multiple Sclerosis Patient, P patient, M male, F female, Y Years old, FAS Functional Ability Scale, ARAT Action research arm test