Table 2.
Association of demographic and clinical factors with discontinuation of ACE-I/ARB, subhazard ratio and 95% confidence intervala,b
| Demographic and Clinical Factors | Model 1 | Model 2 |
|---|---|---|
| CKD stage (referent: G1) | ||
| G2 | 1.06 (1.03, 1.09) | 1.08 (1.04, 1.11) |
| G3a | 1.22 (1.17, 1.28) | 1.25 (1.19, 1.30) |
| G3b | 1.40 (1.32, 1.49) | 1.45 (1.36, 1.55) |
| G4 | 2.09 (1.87, 2.34) | 2.43 (2.17, 2.72) |
| G5c | 4.62 (3.27, 6.52) | |
| Drug class (referent: ACE-I alone) | ||
| ACE-I and ARB | 0.95 (0.84, 1.08) | 0.93 (0.80, 1.07) |
| ARB alone | 0.99 (0.95, 1.02) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.03) |
| Calendar year (referent: 2004-2007) | ||
| 2008-2011 | 1.14 (1.10, 1.17) | 1.13 (1.09, 1.16) |
| 2012-2015 | 1.24 (1.20, 1.28) | 1.20 (1.16, 1.24) |
| Age group (referent: 18-44) | ||
| 45-64 | 0.82 (0.79, 0.85) | 0.80 (0.77, 0.83) |
| 65+ | 0.94 (0.90, 0.98) | 0.82 (0.78, 0.85) |
| Female | 1.15 (1.13, 1.18) | 1.15 (1.12, 1.18) |
| Black race | 1.07 (0.99, 1.16) | 1.07 (0.99, 1.16) |
| Diabetes | 0.99 (0.96, 1.03) | 0.94 (0.91, 0.98) |
| Congestive heart failure | 1.00 (0.95, 1.05) | 0.79 (0.74, 0.84) |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.15 (1.11, 1.18) | 1.07 (1.03, 1.10) |
| Measured albuminuria | 0.93 (0.89, 0.96) | 0.96 (0.92, 0.99) |
| Potassium level (referent: 3.5-5 mEq/L) | ||
| 3.5 mEq/L or lower | 1.04 (0.98, 1.11) | 1.12 (1.03, 1.21) |
| 5-5.3 mEq/L | 1.09 (1.02, 1.16) | 1.06 (0.99, 1.14) |
| Above 5.3 mEq/L | 1.24 (1.11, 1.38) | 1.94 (1.74, 2.17) |
| Systolic blood pressure (referent: 90-140 mmHg) | ||
| 90 mmHg or lower | 1.23 (1.01, 1.49) | 1.84 (1.57, 2.15) |
| 140 mmHg or above | 0.93 (0.90, 0.95) | 1.07 (1.04, 1.10) |
| Bicarbonate lower than 22mmol/L | 1.14 (1.05, 1.24) | 1.11 (1.01, 1.22) |
| Loop diuretic use | 1.14 (1.09, 1.18) | 1.34 (1.29, 1.39) |
| Thiazide diuretic use | 0.90 (0.88, 0.93) | 0.85 (0.82, 0.87) |
| Hospitalization status (referent: no hospitalization) | ||
| Non-AKI-related | - | 4.54 (4.22, 4.89) |
| AKI related | - | 7.10 (6.11, 8.25) |
a
ACE-I = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ACE-I/ARB = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, or their combination; AKI = acute kidney injury; ARB = angiotensin receptor blockers; CKD = chronic kidney disease; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate.
b
Shaded fields indicate time-dependent form of the corresponding variables.
c
Patients with CKD G5 stage at baseline were excluded but some patients progressed to G5 after therapy initiation.