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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Nov 16.
Published in final edited form as: Chemosphere. 2018 Dec 26;220:993–1002. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.178

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

Effect of diesel emission samples on AhR and Nrf2 activity. A) Activation of DRE and Nrf2 luciferase activity by diesel emission samples. U937 macrophages were transiently transfected with DRE- and Nrf2-luciferase reporter plasmids for 24 h and treated with S100 (10 μg/ml) and CARB ULSD (10 μg/ml) or TCDD (1nM), and tert-butylhydroquinone (tert-BHQ 10 μM) as positive controls. Values are given as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. An asterisk indicates significantly different from control cells (p < 0.05). B) Increased DNA binding of AhR by diesel emission samples. Nuclear protein extracts of non-stimulated (Ctrl), CARB ULSD (10 μg/ml), S100 (10 μg/ml), and 1 nM TCDD-stimulated U937 macrophages were incubated with a DRE consensus probe. Competition (Comp.) with a 100-fold excess of unlabeled DRE consensus (lane 5) oligonucleotide. One representative experiment of three independently performed experiments is shown.