Table 2. Sample characteristics at baseline (n = 60).
| Variables | n | Mean | SD | Min | Max | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||||
| Pilates | 20 | 67.50 | 3.87 | 62 | 78 | |
| Muscular | 20 | 73.36 | 4.84 | 62 | 80 | 0.000003^," |
| Control | 20 | 65.89 | 4.54 | 60 | 76 | |
| Height (cm) | ||||||
| Pilates | 20 | 152.1 | 6.24 | 138.2 | 164.6 | |
| Muscular | 20 | 150.10 | 6.02 | 140 | 164.2 | 0.718 |
| Control | 20 | 154.41 | 6.88 | 140 | 165 | |
| Weight (kg) | ||||||
| Pilates | 20 | 74.62 | 11.65 | 56.8 | 94.8 | |
| Muscular | 20 | 71.98 | 11.95 | 53.6 | 101.2 | 0.108 |
| Control | 20 | 72.03 | 11.43 | 51.7 | 99.3 | |
| BMI (kg/m²) | ||||||
| Pilates | 20 | 32.32 | 5.24 | 25.38 | 42.42 | |
| Muscular | 20 | 31.95 | 4.84 | 24.86 | 43.88 | 0.576 |
| Control | 20 | 30.54 | 6.36 | 19.46 | 41.12 | |
| SB_time (s) | ||||||
| Pilates | 20 | 14.18 | 8.50 | 1 | 30 | |
| Muscular | 20 | 12.96 | 9.84 | 1.38 | 30 | 0.849 |
| Control | 20 | 14.77 | 12.32 | 2.5 | 30 | |
| SB_Vml (mm/s) | ||||||
| Pilates | 20 | 3.12 | 2.67 | 0.41 | 9.96 | |
| Muscular | 20 | 2.53 | 2.11 | 0.23 | 7 | 0.585 |
| Control | 20 | 2.34 | 2.56 | 0.18 | 7.7 | |
| SB_Vap (mm/s) | ||||||
| Pilates | 20 | 5.11 | 4.67 | 0.79 | 15.64 | |
| Muscular | 20 | 3.83 | 2.61 | 0.25 | 9.24 | 0.485 |
| Control | 20 | 3.86 | 4.04 | 0.2 | 11.85 | |
| SB_Varea (mm/s²) | ||||||
| Pilates | 20 | 2.58 | 2.26 | 0.34 | 8.34 | |
| Muscular | 20 | 2.3 | 1.92 | 0.14 | 6.96 | 0.87 |
| Control | 20 | 2.23 | 2.45 | 0.11 | 6.77 | |
| TUG (s) | ||||||
| Pilates | 20 | 6.99 | 0.79 | 5.55 | 8.76 | |
| Muscular | 20 | 8.16 | 1.42 | 6.46 | 10.9 | 0.00038*,^ |
| Control | 20 | 8.54 | 1.23 | 6.61 | 11.3 | |
| Tisom_Flw (N/m) | ||||||
| Pilates | 20 | 198.53 | 78.4 | 51.21 | 365.45 | |
| Muscular | 20 | 234.66 | 67.0 | 125.1 | 368.47 | 0.222 |
| Control | 20 | 231.24 | 70.8 | 95.93 | 415.86 | |
| Tisom_Exw (N/m) | ||||||
| Pilates | 20 | 78.96 | 29.0 | 17.84 | 128.79 | |
| Muscular | 20 | 80.1 | 26.7 | 36.97 | 129.41 | 0.723 |
| Control | 20 | 86.64 | 38.6 | 18.57 | 153.38 | |
| Hisom_Flw (N/m) | ||||||
| Pilates | 20 | 43.18 | 12.8 | 13.21 | 61.22 | |
| Muscular | 20 | 45.66 | 18.6 | 12.64 | 74.96 | 0.491 |
| Control | 20 | 51.1 | 28.7 | 20.55 | 145.72 | |
| Hisom_Exw N/m | ||||||
| Pilates | 20 | 100.19 | 24.6 | 53.28 | 152.75 | |
| Muscular | 20 | 111.83 | 47.8 | 38.18 | 248.06 | 0.586 |
| Control | 20 | 106.81 | 30.3 | 38.37 | 158.67 | |
| Hisok_Fl60w (N/m) | ||||||
| Pilates | 20 | 43.94 | 11.3 | 26.3 | 65 | |
| Muscular | 20 | 40.39 | 18.8 | 14.16 | 73.06 | 0.723 |
| Control | 20 | 43.94 | 18.0 | 17.26 | 76.79 | |
| Hisok_Fl120w (N/m) | ||||||
| Pilates | 20 | 39.49 | 14.9 | 11.2 | 71.82 | |
| Muscular | 20 | 33.07 | 17.1 | 6.95 | 66.84 | 0.351 |
| Control | 20 | 39.56 | 17.4 | 13.77 | 66.12 | |
| Hisok_Ex60w (N/m) | ||||||
| Pilates | 20 | 61.67 | 22.1 | 30.88 | 107.37 | |
| Muscular | 20 | 47.34 | 20.2 | 12.39 | 84.33 | 0.111 |
| Control | 20 | 57.29 | 24.8 | 25.09 | 107.93 | |
| Hisok_Ex120w (N/m) | ||||||
| Pilates | 20 | 35 | 18.0 | 10.75 | 72.44 | |
| Muscular | 20 | 35.47 | 17.6 | 8.47 | 79.57 | 0.378 |
| Control | 20 | 43.61 | 27.4 | 10.8 | 127.64 | |
Notes:
SD, Standard Deviation; BMI = kg/m²; SB_time, time maintaining right monopodal static position; SB_Vml, right monopodal displacement velocity in medial-lateral plane; SB_Vap, right monopodal displacement velocity in antero-posterior plane; SB_area, right monopodal velocity moment; TUG, timed up and go; Tisom_Flw, isometric trunk flexion relative to weight; Tisom_Exw, isometric trunk extension relative to weight; Hisom_Flw, isometric hip flexion relative to weight; Hisom_Exw, isometric hip extension relative to weight; Hisok_Fl60w, isokinetic hip flexion at 60°/sg relative to weight; Hisok_Fl120w, isokinetic hip flexion at 120°/sg relative to weight; Hisok_Ex60w, isokinetic hip extension at 60°/sg relative to weight; Hisok_Ex120w, isokinetic hip extension at 120°/sg relative to weight.
P < 0.05 differences between Muscular group and Pilates group.
P < 0.05 differences between Muscular group and Control group.
P < 0.05 differences between Control group and Pilates group.