Table 3.

Summary of the literature on gut microbiota response after short-term antibiotic treatment

Study	Exclusion criteria	Treatment	Observations
(49)	Antibiotic use within previous 2 mo or hospitalization within previous 30 d.	10 d $\times$ 1 course 500 mg CIP twice, daily	Decreased relative abundance of Firmicutes, increased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, recovery in 4 wk.
(50)	Significant medical problems.	3 d $\times$ 1 course 500 mg CIP twice, daily	Overall diversity of the gut microbiota was largely restored 28 d after treatment.
(51)	Antibiotic use within previous 12 mo.	5 d $\times$ 1 course 500 mg CIP twice, daily	Community composition 4 wk after treatment is within the range of temporal variability of pretreatment.
(52)	Antibiotic use within previous 12 mo.	6 d $\times$ 1 course 500 mg CIP twice, daily	Decreased relative abundance of Proteobacteria. Diversity recovered almost fully 28 d after treatment.
(113)	$-$	3 d of vancomycin and imipenem intake	10-fold decrease in bacterial load right after treatment.