Table 2.
Incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in relation to self-rated health
| Self-rated health | p for trenda | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 1–3 | ||
| N (= 4521) | 904 | 1261 | 1184 | 772 | 400 | – |
| Incident CVD (n = 830) | 145 | 204 | 230 | 158 | 93 | – |
| Incidence (per 1000 person-years) | 8 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 12 | – |
| Model 1b | Reference | 1.06 (0.85, 1.31) | 1.38 (1.12, 1.70) | 1.55 (1.23, 1.94) | 2.00 (1.54, 2.60) | < 0.0001 |
| Model 2c | Reference | 1.09 (0.88, 1.35) | 1.32 (1.07, 1.63) | 1.43 (1.14, 1.79) | 1.70 (1.30, 2.21) | < 0.001 |
| Model 3d | Reference | 1.13 (0.91, 1.40) | 1.35 (1.10, 1.67) | 1.41 (1.12, 1.77) | 1.64 (1.25, 2.15) | < 0.0001 |
| Incident mortality (n = 1445) | 289 | 351 | 387 | 269 | 149 | – |
| Incidence (per 1000 person-years) | 15 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 18 | – |
| Model 1b | Reference | 0.95 (0.81, 1.11) | 1.17 (1.01, 1.36) | 1.32 (1.12, 1.56) | 1.65 (1.36, 2.02) | < 0.0001 |
| Model 2c | Reference | 0.97 (0.83, 1.13) | 1.15 (0.98, 1.34) | 1.23 (1.04, 1.45) | 1.36 (1.11, 1.67) | < 0.0001 |
| Model 3d | Reference | 0.98 (0.84, 1.15) | 1.12 (0.96, 1.31) | 1.14 (0.96, 1.35) | 1.20 (0.97, 1.47) | 0.02 |
HR hazard ratio
aAnalysis by Cox proportional hazards model
bAdjusted for sex and age
cAdjusted for sex, age, body mass index, smoking, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, anti-hypertensive drug medication, and diabetes
dAdjusted for sex, age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, anti-hypertensive drug medication, diabetes, comorbidity, education level, living alone, low physical activity, sleep duration, unemployment, and psychiatric medication