Table 2.
Sample description (N = 46)
| Total group (N = 46) | Class 1 (n = 20) | Class 2 (n = 9) | Class 3 (n = 12) | Class 4 (n = 5) | Χ2/F | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |||
| Length of stay at the hospital (in months) | 20.2 (11.8) | 19.6 (11.4) | 26.1 (16.7) | 19.1 (7.9) | 14.8 (10.2) | F = 1.169 | .333 |
| Time after discharge (in months) | 39.2 (16.7) | 39.7 (18.2) | 38.2 (17.5) | 35.4 (13.2) | 47.6 (18.7) | Χ2 = 2.640 | .451 |
| Age at admission | 16.8 (1.6) | 16.4 (1.3) | 18.1 (2.0) | 16.7 (1.7) | 16.8 (.8) | Χ2 = 5.321 | .150 |
| Age at the time of the FU-study | 21.9 (2.4) | 21.4 (1.9) | 23.7 (3.2) | 21.3 (2.2) | 22.0 (2.4) | F = 2.393 | .082 |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Judicial measure | Χ2 = 9.784 | .084 | |||||
| Criminal law | 21 (46%) | 5 (25%)↓ | 7 (78%)↑ | 7 (58%) | 2 (40%) | ||
| Civil law | 21 (46%) | 13 (65%)↑ | 2 (22%) | 3 (25%) | 3 (60%) | ||
| Voluntary | 4 (9%) | 2 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (17%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Immigrants (1st or 2nd generation)a (n = 41) | 15 (37%) | 6 (33%) | 6 (67%)↑ | 1 (11%) | 2 (40%) | Χ2 = 5.916 | .104 |
| No previous convictions | 8 (17%) | 3 (15%) | 1 (11%) | 3 (25%) | 1 (20%) | Χ2 = 1.130 | .849 |
| Early onset of problem behaviour (< 12 years) | 27 (59%) | 9 (45%) | 7 (78%) | 7 (58%) | 4 (80%) | Χ2 = 3.591 | .319 |
| Psychopathology at dischargeb | |||||||
| Disruptive behaviour disorder | 17 (37%) | 7 (35%) | 6 (67%)↑ | 4 (33%) | 0 (0%) | Χ2 = 5.992 | .103 |
| Autism spectrum disorder | 20 (44%) | 10 (50%) | 1 (11%)↓ | 9 (75%)↑ | 0 (0%)↓ | Χ2 = 12.513 | .004 |
| Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder | 18 (39%) | 10 (50%) | 1 (11%) | 5 (42%) | 2 (40%) | Χ2 = 4.064 | .269 |
| Substance disorder | 11 (24%) | 7 (35%) | 4 (44%) | 0 (0%)↓ | 0 (0%) | Χ2 = 8.579 | .022 |
| Reactive attachment disorder | 10 (22%) | 2 (10%) | 5 (56%)↑ | 0 (0%)↓ | 3 (60%)↑ | Χ2 = 13.826 | .001 |
| Less restrictive discharge placementc (n = 44) | 34 (77%) | 17 (85%) | 5 (63%) | 8 (73%) | 4 (80%) | Χ2 = 2.111 | .615 |
| Completerd | 23 (50%) | 9 (45%) | 1 (11%)↓ | 10 (83%)↑ | 3 (60%) | Χ2 = 11.223 | .008 |
All information in this table is derived from the electronic patient database of the hospital
↑Adjusted residual > 1.96: higher value than expected; ↓Adjusted residual < − 1.96: lower value than expected
a1st and 2nd generation immigrants were operationalised as persons who were born abroad themselves and persons with at least one parent who was born abroad
bPsychopathology at discharge is derived from the, at the time of discharge, most recent DSM-IV-classifications from the patient database
cA less restrictive discharge placement was operationalised as a discharge to home, other family or friends, sheltered housing, independent living, homeless, or foster care
dCompleter was operationalised as a completed treatment in which all treatment goals were achieved