Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics of Gleason score (3+3) and upgrade status
| Characteristics | Total | Gleason score upgrade | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | P | ||
| Patients, n (%) | 374 (100) | 109 (29.1) | 265 (70.9) | |
| Age (year), median (IQR) | 58 (53–63) | 56 (52–61) | 59 (54–64) | 0.001* |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.010* | |||
| Caucasian | 301 (80.5) | 81 (26.9) | 220 (73.1) | |
| African-American | 36 (9.6) | 8 (22.2) | 28 (77.8) | |
| Hispanic | 31 (8.3) | 16 (51.6) | 15 (48.4) | |
| Other | 6 (1.6) | 4 (66.7) | 2 (33.3) | |
| PSA (ng ml−1), median (IQR) | 4.8 (3.6–6.4) | 4.2 (3.0–5.4) | 5.1 (3.9–6.6) | 0.001* |
| Prostate volume (ml), median (IQR) | 35 (26–46) | 37 (30–45) | 33 (25–46) | 0.064 |
| PSAD (ng ml−1), median (IQR) | 0.13 (0.09–0.20) | 0.11 (0.08–0.15) | 0.15 (0.10–0.20) | <0.001* |
| BMI (kg m−2), median (IQR) | 28 (25–31) | 27 (26–30) | 28 (25–31) | 0.231 |
| Clinical stage, n (%) | 0.014* | |||
| cT1 | 325 (86.9) | 102 (31.4) | 223 (68.6) | |
| cT2 | 49 (13.1) | 7 (14.3) | 42 (85.7) | |
| Number of biopsy cores, median (IQR) | 12 (10–12) | 12 (11–12) | 12 (10–12) | 0.022* |
| Number of positive cores, median (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | <0.001* |
| Number of positive cores/total biopsy cores (%), median (IQR) | 17 (8–29) | 11 (8–17) | 17 (10–33) | <0.001* |
| Max positive core length (mm), median (IQR) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–5) | <0.001* |
| Maximum positive core length/total core length (%), median (IQR) | 15 (8–29) | 11 (7–20) | 19 (10–31) | <0.001* |
| Total positive core length (mm), median (IQR) | 3 (2–7) | 2 (1–4) | 4 (2–8) | <0.001* |
| Percentage of PCa (total positive cores length/total cores length), median (IQR) | 4 (1–10) | 3 (1–7) | 5 (2–13) | <0.001* |
| ASAP/HGPIN status, n (%) | <0.001* | |||
| None | 203 (54.3) | 69 (34.0) | 134 (66.0) | |
| HGPIN and/or ASAP | 171 (45.7) | 40 (23.4) | 131 (76.6) | |
| Patients meet PRIAS criteria, n (%) | <0.001* | |||
| Eligible | 183 (48.9) | 77 (42.1) | 106 (57.9) | |
| Noneligible | 191 (51.1) | 32 (16.8) | 159 (83.2) | |
| Pathological stage, n (%) | 0.007* | |||
| pT2 | 352 (94.1) | 108 (30.7) | 244 (69.3) | |
| pT3 | 22 (5.9) | 1 (4.5) | 21 (95.5) | |
*P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. ASAP: atypical small acinar proliferation; BMI: body mass index; HGPIN: high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia; IQR: interquartile range; PCa: prostate cancer; PRIAS: Prostate Cancer Research International Active Surveillance Study; PSA: prostate-specific antigen; PSAD: prostate-specific antigen density