Table 5.
Patients’ characteristics of Gleason score (4+4) and downgrade status
| Characteristics | Total | Gleason score downgrade | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | P | ||
| Patients, n (%) | 91 (100.0) | 45 (49.5) | 46 (50.5) | 0.921 |
| Age (year), median (IQR) | 61 (56–66) | 63 (57–66) | 61 (56–67) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.358 | |||
| Caucasian | 70 (76.9) | 33 (47.1) | 37 (52.9) | |
| African American | 9 (9.9) | 6 (66.7) | 3 (33.3) | |
| Hispanic | 7 (7.7) | 5 (71.4) | 2 (28.6) | |
| Asian | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (100.0) | |
| Other | 3 (3.3) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | |
| PSA (ng ml−1), median (IQR) | 6.4 (4.9–9.2) | 7.0 (5.2–9.4) | 6.0 (4.6–8.5) | 0.130 |
| Prostate volume (ml), median (IQR) | 33 (25–40) | 35 (27–40) | 32 (22–44) | 0.522 |
| PSAD (ng ml−1), median (IQR) | 0.19 (0.15–0.31) | 0.20 (0.15–0.32) | 0.19 (0.13–0.30) | 0.395 |
| BMI (kg m−2), median (IQR) | 29 (26–33) | 30 (27–32) | 28 (26–33) | 0.290 |
| Clinical stage, n (%) | 0.999 | |||
| cT1 | 52 (57.1) | 26 (50.0) | 26 (50.0) | |
| cT2 | 37 (40.7) | 18 (48.6) | 19 (51.4) | |
| cT3 | 2 (2.2) | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | |
| Number of biopsy cores, median (IQR) | 12 (10–12) | 12 (10–12) | 12 (10–12) | 0.464 |
| Number of Gleason (4+4) positive cores, median (range) | 1 (1–6) | 1 (1–6) | 1 (1–6) | 0.014* |
| Total number of positive cores, median (IQR) | 3 (2–6) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–6) | 0.847 |
| Number of positive cores/total biopsy cores, % median (IQR) | 33 (20–50) | 33 (20–50) | 33 (20–50) | 0.937 |
| Biopsy that includes Gleason 6–7, n (%) | 72 (79.1) | 32 (44.4) | 40 (55.6) | 0.063 |
| Gleason (4+4) maximum positive core length (mm), median (IQR) | 4 (1–14) | 4 (2–7) | 3 (1–5) | 0.190 |
| Total positive core length (mm), median (IQR) | 12 (6–22) | 12 (6–22) | 13 (8–20) | 0.833 |
| Percentage of PCa (total positive cores length/total cores length), median (IQR) | 9 (5–21) | 7 (5–27) | 11 (5–18) | 0.959 |
| ASAP/HGPIN status, n (%) | 0.872 | |||
| None | 64 (70.3) | 32 (50.0) | 32 (50.0) | |
| HGPIN and/or ASAP | 27 (29.7) | 13 (48.1) | 14 (51.9) | |
*P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. ASAP: atypical small acinar proliferation; BMI: body mass index; HGPIN: highgrade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia; IQR: interquartile range; PCa: prostate cancer; PSA: prostate-specific antigen; PSAD: prostate-specific antigen density