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. 2019 Apr 24;21(6):570–576. doi: 10.4103/aja.aja_12_19

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Copyright: © The Author(s)(2019)

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Immunodistribution of ATG9 protein in spermatozoa from (a) normal and (b) cryptorchid patients. IF analysis shows anti-ATG9 staining (green) in apical region of sperm head (type 1 staining), spermatozoon neck (arrowhead) and sperm head equatorial segment (type 2 staining, arrow). The pictures were merged with DAPI-stained nuclei (blue). 1 and 2 are higher magnifications of fragments from a and b. (c) A control specimen treated with the primary antibody preincubated with corresponding blocking peptide (see Patients and Methods; upper panel). Bottom panel is the merge with DAPI-stained nuclei. All pictures in a, b, and c were taken at the same exposition time. (d) Histogram showing the relative quantity of type 1 and type 2 spermatozoa in the preparations from normal and cryptorchid patients. ATG9: autophagy-related 9; IF: immunofluorescence; DAPI: 4,6-diaminido-2-phenylindole.