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. 2019 Nov 15;5(4):2055217319888767. doi: 10.1177/2055217319888767

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© The Author(s) 2019

Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 3. — Changes in bacterial phyla after intervention with dimethyl fumarate (DMF). At phylum-level, Actinobacteria (a) were reduced from baseline to two weeks in patients treated with DMF, mainly explained by a reduction of Bifidobacterium (b). After three months of treatment with DMF, there was an increase in the ratio between the two major phylum Bacteroidetes (c) and Firmicutes (d). Changes in Firmicutes were mostly because of an increase of Faecalibacterium (e). No changes were seen in measures of alpha diversity with the Shannon index (f). Wilcoxon matched pair tests including individuals with available data at both timepoints.