Table 1.
Baseline characteristics between treatment groups.
| DMF(n = 27) | Injectable(n = 9) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (IQR) | 45 (39–52) | 44 (33–59) | 0.91 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 19 (70.3%) | 7 (77.8%) | 0.75 |
| HLA-DR*15 carrier, n (%) | 11 (45.8%) | 5 (55.6%) | 0.62 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 2 (7.4%) | 1 (11.1%) | 0.87 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (IQR) | 25.2 (22.5–28) | 20.5 (20.3–23.7) | 0.09 |
| Medication with PPI, n (%) | 2 (7.4%) | 2 (22.2%) | 0.52 |
| Previous treatment with DMT, n (%)a | 6 (22.2%) | 1 (11.1%) | 0.64 |
| EDSS score (IQR) | 1.75 (1.38–3) | 1 (0.5–2.5) | 0.20 |
| GSRS score (IQR) | 19 (16–23) | 23 (21–29) | 0.11 |
| Nutritional values | |||
| EI (kJ/day) | 9939 (8259–12,514) | 10581 (7940–12,296) | 0.83 |
| Fat E% | 35.9 (33.7–39) | 37 (27.7–41.15) | 0.98 |
| Proteins E% | 15.1 (13.8–17.7) | 18.7 (17.45–19.6) | 0.01 |
| Carbohydrates E% | 43.8 (38.5–47.5) | 41.2 (37–47.6) | 0.51 |
| Fibre E% | 2.1 (1.9–2.7) | 2.9 (2–3.4) | 0.15 |
| Sugar E% | 5.7 (3.9–10.3) | 4.7 (2.8–6.15) | 0.19 |
| Ethanol E% | 0.5 (0–3.3) | 0.4 (0.05–2.45) | 0.86 |
BMI: body mass index; DMF: dimethyl fumarate; DMT: dimethylfumarate; EDSS: Expanded Disability Status Scale; EI: energy intake; GSRS: Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale; HLA-DR: human leukocyte antigen-DR; IQR: interquartile range; PPI: proton pump inhibitor.
a
DMF-group (glatiramer acetate = 2, interferons = 2, teriflunomide = 2). Injectable group (interferons = 1).