Table 2.

Relationship between 25(OH)D and Measures of Exercise Capacity in HFpEF Patients and Healthy Controls

Outcome	HFpEF Patients (n = 112)				Healthy Controls(n=37)
	Univariate*		Multivariate†		Univariate*		Multivariate†
	Beta (SE)	P Value	Beta (SE)	P Value	Beta (SE)	P Value	Beta (SE)	P Value
6-min walk distance (m)	4.83 (1.49)	.002	4.01 (1.46)	.007	−0.32 (1.11)	.777	−0.19 (0.90)	.837
Peak VO2 (mL/kg/min)	0.11 (0.06)	.047	0.09 (0.04)	.029	−0.02 (0.10)	.827	−0.01 (0.06)	.851
Peak workload(W)	0.52(0.48)	.283	1.01(0.39)	.011	−0.61 (0.61)	.330	−0.36 (0.37)	.337
Peak RER	0.003(0.002)	.121	0.002 (0.002)	.280	0.002 (0.001)	.213	0.002 (0.001)	.189
Exercise time (min)	0.07 (0.06)	.243	0.13 (0.04)	.006	−0.07 (0.07)	.390	−0.04 (0.05)	.394
Peak HR (beats/min)	0.15 (0.37)	.688	0.26 (0.36)	.459	0.10 (0.25)	.690	0.06 (0.21)	.785
Peak SBP (mm Hg)	0.50 (0.44)	.263	0.52 (0.47)	.266	0.26 (0.34)	.450	0.48 (0.30)	.118
Peak DBP (mm Hg)	0.01 (0.20)	.961	0.24 (0.20)	.224	−0.06 (0.12)	.586	−0.10 (0.12)	.418
(ln) VAT (mL/min)	−0.004 (0.005)	.344	0.003 (0.004)	.497	−0.007 (0.005)	.170	−0.005 (0.004)	.195

DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HR = heart rate; E/A = ratio of early to late diastolic filling; HFpEF = heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; RER = respiratory exchange ratio; SBP = systolic blood pressure; VAT = ventilatory anaerobic threshold; VO₂ = volume of oxygen consumption; 25(OH)D = 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

^*Data analyzed using general linear regression and are presented as estimated change in outcome per ng/mL increment in 25(OH)D [Beta].

^†Adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, and season.