Table 3.
Multivariate analysis of menthol/non-menthol smoking frequency and flavoured/unflavoured LCC use by race/ethnicity
| Whites | Blacks/African-Americans | Latinos/Hispanics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Unflavoured LCC use | Flavoured LCC use | Unflavoured LCC use | Flavoured LCC use | Unflavoured LCC use | Flavoured LCC use |
| Menthol smoking frequency | ||||||
| Daily menthol | 0.16 (0.03 to 0.97)* | 0.45 (0.11 to 1.74) | – | 7.29 (1.91 to 27.80)** | 0.74 (0.17 to 3.18) | 3.01 (1.33 to 6.85)** |
| Daily non-menthol | 0.11 (0.02 to 0.68)* | 0.40 (0.11 to 1.45) | – | 4.72 (0.83 to 26.76) | 1.07 (0.26 to 4.36) | 2.44 (1.07 to 5.56)* |
| Occasional menthol | 0.61 (0.08 to 4.51) | 0.74 (0.15 to 3.64) | – | 2.10 (0.49 to 9.00) | 0.89 (0.19 to 4.26) | 0.69 (0.25 to 1.86) |
| Occasional non-menthol | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Current other tobacco use | ||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 0.40 (0.08 to 2.07) | 11.10 (4.08 to 30.21)*** | 2.14 (0.08 to 5.75) | 5.65 (2.79 to 11.47)*** | 1.97 (0.65 to 5.98) | 3.60 (1.78 to 7.27)*** |
| Age | ||||||
| 18–24 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 25–34 | 2.45 (0.46 to 12.95) | 0.18 (0.06 to 0.52)** | 0.06 (0.01 to 0.23)*** | 0.12 (0.04 to 0.38)*** | 4.71 (0.82 to 27.09) | 0.31 (0.14 to 0.70)** |
| 35–44 | 0.34 (0.04 to 3.24) | 0.14 (0.04 to 0.50)** | 0.09 (0.02 to 0.37)*** | 0.26 (0.09 to 0.78)* | 2.24 (0.36 to 14.04) | 0.26 (0.11 to 0.61)** |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 1.57 (0.35 to 7.06) | 0.52 (0.21 to 1.31) | 3.54 (1.37 to 9.12)* | 1.38 (0.68 to 2.79) | 0.51 (0.20 to 1.33) | 1.93 (1.00 to 3.72)* |
| Female | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Annual household income | ||||||
| <$15 000 | 0.15 (0.02 to 1.25) | 1.29 (0.35 to 4.77) | 0.49 (0.07 to 3.62) | 0.03 (0.01 to 0.13)*** | 2.83 (0.36 to 22.44) | 3.36 (1.25 to 9.05) |
| $15 000-$40 000 | 0.10 (0.02 to 0.59) | 0.46 (0.14 to 1.46) | 1.58 (0.22 to 11.17) | 0.23 (0.06 to 0.90)*** | 4.85 (0.71 to 33.36) | 1.35 (0.52 to 3.51) |
| $40 000-$75 000 | 0.20 (0.04 to 0.94) | 0.46 (0.12 to 1.77) | 0.56 (0.07 to 4.66) | 0.13 (0.03 to 0.55)*** | 2.44 (0.35 to 16.77) | 0.89 (0.36 to 2.19) |
| $75 000 or more | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Educational attainment | ||||||
| Less than high school | – | 1.60 (0.254 to 10.86) | 0.16 (0.02 to 1.28) | 0.22 (0.05 to 0.99)* | 2.94 (0.22 to 38.85) | 3.10 (0.99 to 9.70) |
| High school | 23.09 (1.37 to 388.39)* | 3.52 (0.59 to 20.88) | 0.31 (0.04 to 2.36) | 0.70 (0.17 to 2.80) | 2.36 (0.21 to 32.01) | 0.41 (0.13 to 1.31) |
| Some college | 6.67 (0.38 to 116.27) | 2.69 (0.50 to 14.33) | 0.66 (0.10 to 4.54) | 0.44 (0.11 to 1.77) | 1.12 (0.09 to 14.39) | 0.93 (0.30 to 2.85) |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Current employment status | ||||||
| Working | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Not working, looking | 0.47 (0.08 to 2.62) | 0.90 (0.25 to 3.21) | 1.69 (0.52 to 5.52) | 1.91 (0.79 to 4.65) | 0.26 (0.04 to 1.60) | 0.36 (0.15 to 0.86)*** |
| Not working, not looking | 0.38 (0.03 to 4.64) | 1.21 (0.37 to 3.95) | 3.76 (1.16 to 12.11)* | 1.28 (0.51 to 3.24) | 2.09 (0.58 to 7.52) | 0.64 (0.29 to 1.40) |
All analyses used weighted data. Complex sampling procedures were used to adjust for sampling in all analyses.
The referent group for the menthol smoking frequency variable is occasional, non-menthol smoking.
The referent group for the outcome, LCC use, is cigarette, non-LCC use.
Dashed lines represent no or inflated point estimates that resulted from models that had small subgroup sample sizes.
***
p<0.001,
**
p<0.01,
*
p<0.05.
LCC, little cigar and cigarillo.