Table 5.

Multivariate analysis of risk perceptions of LCC flavour additives and flavoured LCC use among young and middle-aged adult current cigarette smokers, aged 18–44, USA (n=964)

	Flavoured LCC use
Risk perceptions of flavour additives	Total	Males	Females	White	Black	Hispanic
Menthol
As harmful	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Less harmful	2.42 (1.22 to 4.84)*	2.67 (1.10 to 6.46)*	2.44 (0.62 to 9.57)	0.15 (0.01 to 3.26)	4.76 (1.23 to 18.39)**	2.14 (0.70 to 6.49)
More harmful	1.62 (1.08 to 2.44)*	1.64 (0.96 to 2.80)	2.18 (1.05 to 4.54)*	0.34 (0.08 to 1.43)	1.71 (0.72 to 4.04)	3.43 (1.75 to 6.71)*
Don’t know	1.24 (0.76 to 2.02)	1.14 (0.58 to 2.25)	1.12 (0.49 to 2.54)	0.35 (0.08 to 1.53)	1.11 (0.45 to 2.75)	3.88 (1.54 to 9.73)**
Clove
As harmful	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Less harmful	2.03 (1.04 to 3.98)*	5.48 (2.12 to 14.15)**	1.09 (0.33 to 3.64)	–	2.24 (0.65 to 7.72)	5.87 (1.58 to 21.84)**
More harmful	1.65 (1.06 to 2.59)*	1.50 (0.83 to 2.72)	1.77 (0.80 to 3.90)	0.48 (0.11 to 2.02)	1.37 (0.56 to 3.38)	2.05 (1.00 to 4.19)*
Don’t know	1.15 (0.71 to 1.86)	1.14 (0.58 to 2.20)	0.91 (0.40 to 2.06)	0.27 (0.06 to 1.18)	2.31 (0.98 to 5.43)	2.83 (1.10 to 7.27)*
Spice
As harmful	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Less harmful	3.74 (1.87 to 7.48)**	10.65 (3.75 to 30.24)***	1.73 (0.48 to 6.25)	–	3.24 (0.86 to 12.24)	–
More harmful	1.64 (1.05 to 2.57)*	1.38 (0.76 to 2.51)	1.98 (0.90 to 4.35)	3.34 (1.00 to 11.15)*	0.95 (0.40 to 2.25)	2.27 (1.07 to 4.83)*
Don’t know	1.18 (0.73 to 1.90)	1.07 (0.55 to 2.08)	1.00 (0.44 to 2.26)	0.39 (0.09 to 1.63)	2.03 (0.85 to 4.86)	2.45 (0.96 to 6.28)
Candy
As harmful	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Less harmful	0.90 (0.47 to 1.73)	1.86 (0.76 to 4.54)	0.36 (0.11 to 1.25)	–	1.01 (0.31 to 3.26)	1.77 (0.5 to 6.26)
More harmful	1.39 (0.86 to 2.26)	1.65 (0.90 to 3.06)	0.82 (0.31 to 2.16)	0.14 (0.01 to 3.13)	1.51 (0.61 to 3.75)	1.55 (0.69 to 3.47)
Don’t know	0.67 (0.41 to 1.10)	0.70 (0.35 to 1.40)	0.59 (0.27 to 1.29)	0.23 (0.05 to 1.00)	1.05 (0.43 to 2.55)	1.08 (0.45 to 2.59)
Fruit
As harmful	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Less harmful	0.90 (0.48 to 1.67)	1.62 (0.70 to 3.75)	0.40 (0.13 to 1.24)	–	0.71 (0.22 to 2.32)	2.18 (0.64 to 7.37)
More harmful	1.16 (0.73 to 1.83)	1.45 (0.80 to 2.66)	0.56 (0.22 to 1.41)	0.09 (0.00 to 1.99)	1.09 (0.43 to 2.76)	1.09 (0.55 to 2.17)
Don’t know	0.75 (0.45 to 1.24)	0.67 (0.32 to 1.38)	0.63 (0.28 to 1.42)	0.22 (0.05 to 0.96)*	0.81 (0.34 to 1.92)	1.67 (0.63 to 4.44)
Chocolate
As harmful	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Less harmful	1.80 (0.98 to 3.32)	4.32 (1.83 to 10.22)**	0.51 (0.15 to 1.67)	–	1.73 (0.57 to 5.20)	5.71 (1.57 to 20.76)**
More harmful	1.35 (0.84 to 2.17)	1.82 (0.98 to 3.38)	0.67 (0.26 to 1.68)	1.39 (0.38 to 5.09)	1.11 (0.44 to 2.82)	1.36 (0.63 to 2.93)
Don’t know	1.25 (0.78 to 2.00)	1.55 (0.82 to 2.95)	0.69 (0.31 to 1.55)	0.29 (0.07 to 1.28)	1.04 (0.43 to 2.49)	3.56 (1.49 to 8.50)**
Alcohol
As harmful	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Less harmful	2.54 (1.19 to 5.41)*	3.46 (1.26 to 9.52)*	1.35 (0.30 to 6.04)	–	4.04 (0.98 to 16.68)	–
More harmful	1.60 (1.04 to 2.47)*	1.59 (0.89 to 2.84)	1.80 (0.84 to 3.88)	0.16 (0.02 to 1.35)	1.34 (0.57 to 3.13)	2.75 (1.35 to 5.63)**
Don’t know	1.03 (0.64 to 1.67)	0.91 (0.48 to 1.75)	0.91 (0.40 to 2.07)	0.21 (0.05 to 0.94)*	1.19 (0.50 to 2.87)	3.33 (1.35 to 8.22)**

All analyses used weighted data. Complex sampling procedures were used to adjust for sampling in all analyses.

The referent group for the risk perception variable is as harmful.

The referent group for the outcome, LCC use, is cigarette, non-LCC use.

Dashed lines represent no or inflated point estimates that resulted from models that had small subgroup sample sizes.

^***p<0.001,

^**p<0.01,

^*p<0.05.

LCC, little cigar and cigarillo.