TABLE 4.

In-house molecular methods for the detection of bla_OXA-48-like and other genes

Test method	blaOXA-48-like genes detecteda	Other genes detected	Reference
Conventional multiplex PCR	All except for blaOXA-54, blaOXA-436, and blaOXA-535	blaKPC, blaGES, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaSPM, blaBIC, blaAIM, blaGIM, blaSIM, and blaDIM	285
	All except for blaOXA-54, blaOXA-436, and blaOXA-535	blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, and blaIMP	283
Real-time multiplex PCR, melting-curve analysis	All except for blaOXA-54, blaOXA-436, and blaOXA-535	blaKPC, blaGES, blaNDM, blaVIM, and blaIMP	286
	All except for blaOXA-54, blaOXA-436, and blaOXA-535	blaKPC, blaGES, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP, and blaOXA-23	300
Real-time multiplex PCR, hydrolysis probe	All except for blaOXA-54, blaOXA-436, blaOXA-535, and blaOXA-538	blaKPC and blaNDM	287
	All except for blaOXA-54, blaOXA-416, blaOXA-436, and blaOXA-535	blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, and blaIMP	288
	All except for blaOXA-54, blaOXA-436, and blaOXA-535	16S rRNA (internal control)	155
Real-time multiplex PCR, melting-curve analysis, and LunaProbe	All except for blaOXA-416, blaOXA-436, and blaOXA-535b		289
LAMP,c visible color change	blaOXA-48, blaOXA-162, blaOXA-163, blaOXA-181, blaOXA-199, blaOXA-204, blaOXA-232, blaOXA-244, blaOXA -245, blaOXA-247, blaOXA-370, blaOXA-405, and blaOXA-438	blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, and blaIMP-14	290
Modular multiplex oligonucleotide ligation-PCR, xTAG probe	blaOXA-48, blaOXA-162, blaOXA-163, blaOXA-181, blaOXA-199, blaOXA-204, blaOXA-232, blaOXA-244, blaOXA-245, and blaOXA-370	blaKPC, blaGES, blaIMI, blaSEM, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP, ESBLs, AmpCs	291

^aIn silico PCR analysis was performed for the detection of bla_OXA-48, bla_OXA-48b, bla_OXA-54, bla_OXA-162, bla_OXA-163, bla_OXA-181, bla_OXA-199, bla_OXA-204, bla_OXA-232, bla_OXA-244, bla_OXA-245, bla_OXA-247, bla_OXA-252, bla_OXA-370, bla_OXA-405, bla_OXA-416, bla_OXA-436, bla_OXA-438, bla_OXA-439, bla_OXA-484, bla_OXA-505, bla_OXA-514, bla_OXA-515, bla_OXA-517, bla_OXA-519, bla_OXA-535, bla_OXA-538, bla_OXA-546, bla_OXA-547, and bla_OXA-566.

^bMelting-curve analysis followed by data analysis may detect specific bla_OXA-48 variant groups.

^cLAMP, loop-mediated isothermal amplification.