Table 1.

Classification of Novel Drugs According to Molecular Mass and Mechanism

	Block immune cell migration	Block immune cell communication
Biologics	Anti-integrins: block receptors (integrins) on lymphocytes in recruiting from blood to tissue Anti-MAdCAM-1: block ligands (MAdCAM-1) on vascular endothelium in recruiting from blood to tissue	Anti-cytokines: block signals (cytokines) outside from interacting with receptors on lymphocytes surface
Small molecule drugs	S1P receptor modulators: trap lymphocytes in lymph nodes	JAKs inhibitor: block cell surface receptor signals (JAKs) inside lymphocytes SMAD7 antisense oligonucleotide: block protein (SMAD7) from inhibit anti-inflammatory signaling inside lymphocytes PDE4 inhibitor: block enzyme (PDE4) from catalyze cAMP from inflammatory cascade inside lymphocytes

MAdCAM-1, mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule-1; S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate; JAK, Janus kinase; SMAD, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog; PDE, phosphodiesterase; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate.