Table 1.
Number and proportion of mothers and children consuming different food items during the day and night preceding the day of the interview by current breastfeeding and pregnancy status: The 2008 Nigerian Demographic and Health Surveys
| Foods ate during the day and night preceding the interview | Mother, N = 13 556 | Child, N = 13 506 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||||||||
| Breastfeeding | Pregnant | Being breastfed | |||||||
| Yes | No | P‐value* | Yes | No | P‐value* | Yes | No | P‐value* | |
| n = 8889 | n = 4667 | n = 1495 | n = 12 061 | n = 8939 | n = 4567 | ||||
| Tinned or fresh milk | 2303 (26) | 1297 (28) | 0.022 | 406 (27) | 3194 (26) | 0.822 | 2093 (23) | 1435 (31) | <0.001 |
| Tea or coffee | 2177 (24) | 1331 (29) | <0.001 | 386 (26) | 3122 (26) | 0.997 | 1180 (13) | 1350 (30) | <0.001 |
| Bread, noodles or other grain foods | 7325 (82) | 3882 (83) | 0.014 | 1231 (82) | 9976 (83) | 0.679 | 4065 (45) | 3685 (81) | <0.001 |
| Potatoes, cassava or other tubers | 3622 (41) | 2104 (45) | <0.001 | 671 (45) | 5055 (42) | 0.089 | 1612 (18) | 1846 (40) | <0.001 |
| Eggs | 1447 (16) | 876 (19) | 0.001 | 287 (19) | 2036 (17) | 0.081 | 938 (10) | 1009 (22) | <0.001 |
| Meats (beef, pork, lamb, chicken) | 3265 (37) | 1951 (42) | <0.001 | 617 (41) | 4599 (38) | 0.029 | 1367 (15) | 1719 (38) | <0.001 |
| Pumpkins, carrots, yellow or orange squash | 1821 (20) | 1010 (22) | 0.289 | 338 (23) | 2493 (21) | 0.198 | 772 (9) | 823 (18) | <0.001 |
| Dark green leafy vegetables | 5050 (57) | 2774 (59) | 0.007 | 863 (58) | 6961 (58) | 0.767 | 2356 (26) | 2422 (53) | <0.001 |
| Mangoes, papayas or other vitamin A‐based fruits | 1548 (17) | 876 (19) | 0.144 | 261 (17) | 2163 (18) | 0.315 | 629 (7) | 723 (16) | <0.001 |
| Other fruits | 2756 (31) | 1694 (36) | <0.001 | 548 (37) | 3902 (32) | 0.002 | 1304 (15) | 1548 (34) | <0.001 |
| Liver, heart or other inside organs of meats | 1252 (14) | 712 (15) | 0.171 | 212 (14) | 1752 (15) | 0.882 | 498 (6) | 614 (13) | <0.001 |
| Fish or shellfish | 4078 (46) | 2475 (53) | <0.001 | 731 (49) | 5822 (48) | 0.882 | 2080 (23) | 2305 (50) | <0.001 |
| Beans, peas, lentils, nuts | 3578 (40) | 1958 (42) | 0.152 | 592 (40) | 4944 (41) | 0.440 | 1907 (21) | 1827 (40) | <0.001 |
| Cheese, yogurt or other milk products | 1846 (21) | 886 (19) | 0.043 | 288 (19) | 2444 (20) | 0.345 | 1091 (12) | 842 (18) | <0.001 |
| Oils, fats, butters or other products made from them | 2968 (33) | 1758 (38) | <0.001 | 512 (34) | 4214 (35) | 0.849 | 1572 (18) | 1593 (35) | <0.001 |
| Chocolates, sweets, candies, pastries or related products | 1179 (13) | 706 (15) | 0.007 | 213 (14) | 1672 (14) | 0.191 | 1371 (15) | 1521 (33) | <0.001 |
| Infant formula | – | – | – | – | 497 (6) | 171 (4) | <0.001 | ||
| Infant cereals | – | – | – | – | 504 (7) | 202 (4) | <0.001 | ||
| Porridges or other gruels | – | – | – | – | 4352 (49) | 2607 (57) | <0.001 | ||
| Other solids or semi‐solids | – | – | – | – | 4451 (50) | 3211 (70) | <0.001 | ||
*P‐values based on the Pearson chi‐square test.