Table 3.
Type of formula milk (Regular as reference, n = 463) | Globa l P‐value* | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Partially hydrolysed (n = 176) | Thickened (n = 187) | Pre‐/probiotics (n = 293) | Others (n = 235) | ||||||
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||
Parental characteristics | |||||||||
Maternal education (Ref: No degree) | 0.10 | ||||||||
High school degree | 1.26 | 0.68–2.36 | 1.33 | 0.80–2.19 | 1.38 | 0.88–2.17 | 1.07 | 0.65–1.77 | |
2‐year university degree | 1.38 | 0.75–2.54 | 0.86 | 0.49–1.49 | 1.20 | 0.75–1.92 | 1.36 | 0.82–2.34 | |
≥3‐year university degree | 2.37 | 1.31–4.27 | 0.94 | 0.53–1.64 | 1.31 | 0.81–2.10 | 1.69 | 1.02–2.78 | |
Monthly family income (Ref: 1501–2300€) | 0.54 | ||||||||
<1501 | 1.06 | 0.56–2.00 | 0.93 | 0.53–1.61 | 0.81 | 0.49–1.36 | 0.78 | 0.46–1.33 | |
2301–3000 | 1.05 | 0.63–1.75 | 0.97 | 0.60–1.58 | 1.50 | 0.83–1.87 | 1.12 | 0.73–1.73 | |
>3000 | 1.57 | 0.91–2.71 | 1.57 | 0.91–2.70 | 1.51 | 0.95–2.39 | 1.06 | 0.64–1.75 | |
Parity (Ref: 1) | <0.001 | ||||||||
2 | 0.64 | 0.40–0.98 | 1.65 | 1.11–2.46 | 1.28 | 0.91–1.80 | 1.13 | 0.78–1.65 | |
≥3 | 0.27 | 0.14–0.50 | 0.71 | 0.40–1.29 | 0.63 | 0.38–1.02 | 0.62 | 0.37–1.03 | |
Mother returned to employment in the first 4 months (Ref: No) | 0.85 | 0.57–1.28 | 1.49 | 1.01–2.22 | 1.17 | 0.84–1.64 | 0.83 | 0.57–1.19 | 0.05 |
Family history of allergy (Ref: No) | 2.11 | 1.44–3.08 | 1.49 | 1.04–2.14 | 1.19 | 0.87–1.61 | 1.32 | 0.95–1.83 | 0.002 |
Country of birth (Ref: Both born in France) | 0.19 | ||||||||
One of them born outside France | 0.87 | 0.46–1.66 | 1.25 | 0.64–2.45 | 1.70 | 0.91–3.17 | 0.77 | 0.45–1.31 | |
Child characteristics | |||||||||
Female gender (Ref: Male) | 0.96 | 0.66–1.40 | 0.82 | 0.57–1.18 | 1.00 | 0.73–1.36 | 1.12 | 0.80–1.55 | 0.68 |
Duration of EBF (months) | 1.48 | 1.25–1.75 | 0.73 | 0.60–0.89 | 1.02 | 0.88–1.90 | 1.01 | 0.86–1.18 | <0.001 |
Gestational age (weeks of amenorrhoea) | 0.94 | 0.82–1.09 | 0.93 | 0.82–1.06 | 1.03 | 0.91–1.15 | 0.91 | 0.81–1.02 | 0.32 |
Birthweight (g) | 1.27 | 0.79–2.03 | 0.87 | 0.55–1.37 | 0.84 | 0.57–1.25 | 0.69 | 0.45–1.05 | 0.20 |
Occurrence of diarrhoea between birth and 4 months (Ref: No) | 0.74 | 0.46–1.20 | 0.66 | 0.43–1.02 | 0.73 | 0.50–1.08 | 0.94 | 0.63–1.39 | 0.25 |
Occurrence of regurgitations between birth and 4 months (Ref: No) | 0.99 | 0.68–1.45 | 2.68 | 1.80–3.98 | 1.74 | 1.27–2.39 | 1.48 | 1.06–2.08 | <0.001 |
Other variables | |||||||||
Recruitment centre: Nancy (Ref: Poitiers) | 0.58 | 0.39–0.86 | 0.89 | 0.61–1.30 | 0.86 | 0.62–1.18 | 0.92 | 0.65–1.30 | 0.10 |
Type of physician consulted between birth and 4 months (Ref: GP) | 0.10 | ||||||||
Paediatrician | 1.46 | 0.84–2.53 | 1.14 | 0.65–1.97 | 1.57 | 1.01–2.46 | 1.82 | 1.11–2.99 | |
GP and paediatrician | 1.22 | 0.74–1.99 | 1.41 | 0.89–2.23 | 1.16 | 0.77–1.73 | 1.73 | 1.11–2.67 | |
Specialist with/no GP or paediatrician | 1.95 | 1.13–3.36 | 1.71 | 1.01–2.89 | 1.71 | 1.09–2.69 | 1.98 | 1.20–3.27 |
Multinomial logistic regression with regular formula as a reference group.
CI, confidence interval; EBF, exclusive breastfeeding; GP, general practitioner.