Table 4.
Infant Zn intakes and serum Zn levels, maternal BM zinc content and infant anthropometric measures in term SGA and AGA infants
| Birth/Delivery | Month 1 | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infant BM intake (mL day−1) | ||||
| SGA | – | 620 (500, 757) | 755 (575, 780) | 500 (390, 750) |
| (n = 24) | (n = 22) | (n = 23) | ||
| AGA | – | 665 (507, 755) | 775 (672, 940) | 660 (440, 841) |
| (n = 26) | (n = 26) | (n = 26) | ||
| P‐value* | – | 0.690 | 0.153 | 0.288 |
| BM zinc content (mg L−1) | ||||
| SGA | – | 2.42 (2.08, 3.23) | 1.37 (0.84, 1.99) | 1.24 (0.73. 1.57) |
| (n = 24) | (n = 21) | (n = 24) | ||
| AGA | – | 2.54 (1.83, 3.30) | 1.35 (0.95, 1.74) | 1.06 (0.85, 1.63) |
| (n = 26) | (n = 26) | (n = 26) | ||
| P–value** | – | 0.900 | 0.856 | 0.627 |
| Zn intake from BM (mg day−1) | ||||
| SGA | – | 1.48 (1.06, 2.33) | 0.72 (0.56, 1.57) | 0.62 (0.54, 1.00) |
| (n = 24) | (n = 22) | (n = 24) | ||
| AGA | – | 1.67 (1.26, 2.19) | 0.93 (0.73, 1.33) | 0.61 (0.43, 1.20) |
| (n = 26) | (n = 26) | (n = 26) | ||
| P‐value** | – | 0.634 | 0.286 | 0.946 |
| Maternal serum zinc (µg dL−1) | ||||
| SGA | – | 82.8 (64.5, 106.3) | 86.2 (72.2, 103.9) | |
| (n = 18) | (n = 22) | |||
| AGA | – | 76.9 (55.7, 101.5) | 87.2 (73.0, 117.2) | |
| (n = 22) | (n = 21) | |||
| P‐value** | – | – | 0.348 | 0.752 |
| Infant serum zinc(µg dL−1) | ||||
| SGA | – | 100.0 (72.6, 114.2) | 98.3 (82.6, 135.8) | |
| (n = 11) | (n = 20) | |||
| AGA | – | 90.0 (67.5, 106.5) | 89.3 (77.3, 109.3) | |
| (n = 20) | (n = 12) | |||
| P‐value** | – | – | 0.433 | 0.276 |
| Weight‐for‐age z‐score | ||||
| SGA | −1.94 ± 0.74 | −1.84 ± 1.24 | −1.68 ± 1.11 | −1.33 ± 1.38 |
| AGA | −0.55 ± 0.49 | −0.62 ± 1.01 | −0.55 ± 0.89 | −0.32 ± 1.02 |
| P‐value* | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Weight‐for‐length z‐score | ||||
| SGA | −2.82 ± 1.10 | −1.37 ± 1.96 | −1.33 ± 1.81 | −0.72 ± 1.69 |
| AGA | −1.27 ± 1.29 | −0.71 ± 1.65 | −0.73 ± 1.50 | −0.00 ± 1.19 |
| P‐value* | 0.000 | 0.214 | 0.229 | 0.162 |
| Length‐for‐age z‐score | ||||
| SGA | −0.21 ± 0.69 | −1.04 ± 1.26 | −0.92 ± 1.39 | −0.85 ± 1.18 |
| AGA | 0.27 ± 1.13 | −0.21 ± 1.39 | 0.03 ± 1.11 | −0.42 ± 1.04 |
| P‐value* | 0.082 | 0.034 | 0.011 | 0.179 |
AGA, appropriate‐for‐gestational age; BM, breast milk; SGA, small‐for‐gestational age. *Two‐sided P‐values using independent t‐test; **two‐sided P‐values using Mann–Whitney U‐test.